Ala

Ụkpụrụ nchịkọta maka ịkwadebe ala maka seedlings. Kedu ihe dị mma karịa ịzụ ma ọ bụ arụrụ ụlọ?

Ala a kwadebere n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị bụ ihe dị mkpa dị mkpa maka ọganihu na mmepe nke ogige ndụ gị na ubi a kụrụ n'ubi. Otú ọ dị, ọ ghaghị iburu n'uche na osisi dị iche iche chọrọ ụdị ala dị iche, nke jikọtara ya na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ogo ha na atụmatụ ha. Isiokwu a ga - enyere gị aka ịchọpụta otú ị ga - esi jiri aka gị mee ala ahụ maka ụdị dị iche iche nke seedlings.

Nzuzo di mkpa

Tupu ịmalite imepụta ala maka seedlings na aka aka gị, i kwesịrị iburu n'uche na ihe mejupụtara ya nwere ike ịdị iche n'ihi mkpa dị iche iche nke osisi ndị a haziri maka ịkụ ihe, ma ghọtakwuo ihe ndị na-egosikarị ala ọ bụla kwesịrị ekwesị maka osisi. Edenyere ndepụta ha dị mkpirikpi n'okpuru.

Ị ma? Ala na-abanye nke abụọ na ụwa mgbe oké osimiri gasịruru carbon, bụ nke bụ isi n'ihi ọdịdị dịgasị iche iche nke ihe dị iche iche nke ọdịdị anụ ahụ.
  • Ala ga-enwe akwa ọmụmụ na-echekwa nke ọma. Nke a pụtara na, na mgbakwunye na ogige ndị dị iche iche, ọ ga-ejikwa ihe ndị dị na mpempe akwụkwọ nwere ike ịhazi ya.
  • Ala kwesiri inwe ohere kachasị mma, friability na porosity iji hụ na nnwere onwe nke ikuku na-esite n'osisi.
  • Ihe onwunwe dị mkpa nke ala bụ ikike ịmịkọrọ mmiri nke ọma ma ghara inye ya ngwa ngwa, nke e mere iji hụ na edozi mmiri dum nke ala ma kwado mmiri mmiri site na mgbọrọgwụ osisi.
  • Ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya nyochaa ọkwa nke acidity, nke kachasị mma na-anọchi anya (ihe dị ka 7.0).
  • Ihe di mkpa maka mmepe na mmepe nke seedlings bu onodu n'ime ala nke ihe ndi ozo bara uru, ihe ndi ozo di mkpa maka osisi.

Kedu ihe nwere ike ma ọ pụghị?

Tupu ịmalite ịkwadebe ala maka seedlings, ọ bara uru ịghọta nke ọma nke ọma n'onwe gị ndepụta nke components ndị na-enweghị ike itinye ya na ya.

Ọ dịkwa mkpa ịmara components ndị nwere mmetụta dị mma na ihe onwunwe nke ala gị ma nyere aka mee ka ọ bụrụ ala a chọrọ tupu ị kụọ.

Ị ma? Ala bụ nnukwu mmiri na-enyocha mbara ala, bụ ebe ọtụtụ nde tọn mmiri na-agafe kwa afọ.

Ihe akpọrọ

Maka imepụta ala site na iji ihe dị iche iche nke organic na nke inorganic, nke a na-agwakọta dị iche iche iji nweta ihe ndị kacha mma maka seedlings gị.

Mụta maka ịmalite na-eto eto na mpempe akwụkwọ mposi, na cassettes, peat tablets, na diapers.
N'etiti akụkụ mmiri ndị akwadoro iji mee ihe, ọ bara uru ịkọwapụta:

  • humus;
  • egghells (raw, nke a mịrị amị na anuahade);
  • ntụ osisi (birch nwere ihe kacha mma);
  • ụdị akpa dị iche iche;
  • ọgbọ;
  • ala na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ (nke na-egbu osisi nke ọ bụla ụdị osisi, ma e wezụga willow na oak, n'ihi na ha nwere ọtụtụ tannins);
  • sod ala.

Akuku na-ejighi edozi iji nweta ala elu-elu:

  • gbanye ájá kpam kpam site n'ala ala. Ọ bụ ihe na-achọsi ike ka ọ bụrụ oghere ọkụ, n'ihi na ha kwenyere na ọchịchịrị ahụ dị njọ karị, otú ahụ ka ngwongwo ndị dị iche iche dị, gụnyere manganese na ígwè, ihe dị ukwuu nke ọdịnaya nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na osisi;
  • lime hydrated (iji belata ọkwa nke acidity);
  • polyfoam ekewapụrụ n'ime obere iberibe;
  • hydrogel bụ ihe pụrụ iche, nke sitere na ikike mepụtara iji banye mmiri, na-enye ohere iji belata ụba na oke nke ogbugba mmiri;
  • Perlite bụ ihe na-adịghị emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ike itinye nnukwu mmiri (ihe dị ka 400% nke oke aka ya) ma jiri nwayọ nye ya osisi ahụ. Enwere ike iji ya meziwanye ike na ala ikuku;
  • Vermiculite - nwere ihe yiri nke perlite, ma, na mgbakwunye, nwere ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ ihe, nke na-emetụta uto nke seedlings. A na-ejikarị ihe abụọ dị na mbụ ha eme ihe na ngwa nke usoro hydroponic nke osisi na-eto eto;
  • ụrọ gbasaa.

Akụkụ ndị anaghị akwadoro

Ndepụta nke components ndị zuru oke na ebe dị n'ala dị oke obosara. Otú ọ dị, n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ejide onwe anyị naanị n'ihe ndị ahụ a na-echekarị na ọ dị mkpa, ma n'eziokwu ha abụghị.

  • Ikwesighi igbakwunye ụrọ, n'ihi na ọ ga-eme ka viscosity nke ngwakọta nke ala, nke ga-eme ka àgwà ya ka njọ ma mee ka mkpụrụ nke seedlings too.
  • Ejikwala ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ala. Ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na ọhụụ dị mkpa iji mee ka osisi dị mma, Otú ọ dị, usoro nkwụsị na-arụ ọrụ ga-eme ka ngwa ngwa wepụ ihe nitrogenous sitere na ala ma mee ka ala dịkwuo elu - ma nke mbụ na nke abụọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma maka ndị na-eto eto.
  • Ịnweghi ike iburu ihe ndabere maka ngwakọta ala dị nso n'okporo ụzọ, ụgbọ ala, ọdụ ụgbọelu na akwa ifuru ezumike obodo, n'ihi na ala e si n'ebe ahụ na-ebute nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-egbu egbu nke ga-emetụta osisi gị.
  • A gaghị etinye akụkụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ nke osisi ndị a na-akụ n'ala, ebe ọ bụ na ọrịa dị iche iche, nsen nke pests na fungal spores nwere ike ịnọgide na ha.

Zụrụ ma ọ bụ esi nri?

Onye ọ bụla a kụrụ osisi na-eche ụdị ala ọ ka mma ịhọrọ maka seedlings - ọ dị njikere ma ọ bụ jiri ya aka ya? Ewo, enweghi azịza doro anya maka ajụjụ a. Onye ọ bụla na-elekọta ubi ga-eme mkpebi dabere na ahụmahụ ha.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eme na ala achọtara anaghị egbo mkpa nke seedlings. Na nke a, ịnwere ike imezi ya n'onwe gị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịnwere ike iwelie ọmụmụ nke ala a zụrụ site n'ịgbakwunye mgbidi iji meziwanye uto nke seedlings tomato na ose.

Ọ ga-aba uru maka ị mụta banyere ịkụ mkpụrụ nke seedlings nke ose, tomato, parsnips, beets, eggplants, savoy kabeeji.
Nhazi ihe iji meziwanye ihe nke ala a zụrụ aghaghị ịgụnye isi ihe ndị a:

  • ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta pH nke onye na-ajụ ya, na n 'ịchọta nsonaazụ ndị dị iche na nkwụsị ala ha nwere ike, acidify ma ọ bụ dozie ala;
  • na-eme ka ala dị ala jiri usoro ọ bụla akọwapụtara n'okpuru ebe a;
  • ọ bụrụ na nnukwu ego na-ezuru ya, ọ dị mkpa iji tụgharịa ya site na ịtinye 30-40% nke ala ubi;
  • Iji mee ka ikike mmiri dịkwuo elu, tinye hydrogel, vermiculite ma ọ bụ perlite na ala.

Nkwadebe ala

O doro anya na ala ọ bụla, n'agbanyeghị nke a na - echekwa seedlings - ma ọ bụ tomato, ose, cucumbers ma ọ bụ kabeeji - chọrọ mmejuputa usoro ụfọdụ nke ga - eme ka ụba dị mma na mmepe kwesịrị ekwesị nke seedlings.

I kwesịrị ịmalite site n'ịkpụ ala na ájá site na nnọchibido, nke ga-ekpochapụ nnukwu nkume, oke ahụhụ na ikpuru, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ị ga-aga n'ihu na ịmepu ahụ.

Disinfection

Ndị ọkachamara na-atụ aro ịmepụta usoro a iji wepụ ụdị microorganisms pathogenic, larvae nke obere nje na nsen nke pests. Na-ejikarị otu n'ime ụzọ ndị edepụtara n'okpuru ebe a.

  • Mmiri mmiri. Nkwado ka ijide otu ọnwa tupu oge a chọrọ. Maka nke a, a na-arụ mmiri na-asa mmiri ma na-asa mmiri ala ruo ọtụtụ awa. A ga-etinyechi mkpuchi nke saa mmiri ahụ.
  • Na-egbuke egbuke Ala a na-egbute n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na-ahapụ n'èzí, na-emechi ya, si otú a kpachibido ingestion nke ọdịda. Otu ọnwa tupu e jiri ya mee ihe, a na-ewebata ala n'ime ụlọ ahụ, na-ekpo ọkụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe ndị ọzọ ma tinye ya ọzọ n'okporo ámá.
  • Calcination. Usoro a na-agụnye iji oven ma ọ bụ stovu. A na-etinye ala n'elu tray, na-ekesa ya na akwa ntụ oyi nke 5-6 cm. Mgbe ahụ, tinye n'ime oven, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ruo ogo 40-60, maka otu awa.
  • Ntucha Kwadebe ihe ngwọta nke potassium permanganate, na ọnụego 0.3 g kwa 1 l mmiri. Jiri mmiri na-edozi ala ma mee ka ị kpọọ nkụ.

Mgbanwe ngbanwe

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, acidity nke ala kwesịrị ịnọ na-anọpụ iche, ya bụ, na gburugburu 6.5-7.0. Ọ bụrụ na, mgbe ị chọchara acidity, ị ga-enweta ihe ga-esi na ya pụta, ọ ga-adị mkpa maka ịmegharị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.

Ọ dị mkpa! Mgbe emebisịrị, ọ dị mkpa ịghara ikwe ka ndị ọrịa na-eme ka ha banye n'ala, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka ịchekwa ya na ngwugwu a kara akara na iji chekwaa ala site na kọntaktị kpọmkwem na ala a na-adịghị edozi.
Ọ bụrụ na ị nweta nsonaazụ nke na-echere n'akụkụ acidic (<6.5), ala chọrọ deoxidation, nke a na-eme site n'ịgbakwunye ntụ ọka dolomite, senti, sime ma ọ bụ ash ash n'ala.

Ọ dị mkpa! Ekwesighi ikwusi oke ike mgbe gi na agbakwunye ala ahihia, ebe ihe ozo nwere ike iduba na alkalinity nke ala.
Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ alkaline (> 7), mgbe ahụ, ọ dị mkpa iji gbakwunye ihe ọ bụla alum, citric acid, sawdust, spruce leaves ma ọ bụ salteded birch sap na ala dị.

Ịkwadebe ngwakọta nke ala maka ọtụtụ kụrụ

Osisi dị iche iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọnụnọ nke ihe yiri nke ahụ dị na ala ndị e mepụtara nye ha, na-achọkarị ihe ndị pụrụ iche maka mmepe kwesịrị ekwesị ha.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ala maka seedlings nke tomato na-ede ede kwesịrị inwe ntakịrị alkaline Njirimara, n'ihi ya, a na-atụ aro ka ị gbakwunye ya obere obere osisi ash. N'okpuru ị nwere ike ịchọta ntụziaka maka ịme pochvosmesy nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka otu omenala.

Maka tomato

  • Hygiene - 1 akụkụ.
  • Sod ma ọ bụ ahịhịa ụwa - 1 akụkụ.
  • Ihe eji egwu egwu - 1 akụkụ.
  • Osisi ash - 300-400 g maka 10 kilogram ọ bụla.

N'ihi na kabeeji

  • Ala sod - 3 akụkụ.
  • Ala ala - 3 akụkụ.
  • Hygiene - 3 akụkụ.
  • Ihe eji egwu egwu - 1 akụkụ.

Maka ose

  • Hygiene - 1 akụkụ.
  • Ala sod - 2 akụkụ.
  • Ihe eji egwu egwu - 1 akụkụ.
  • Osisi osisi - 300-400 g kwa ịwụ.

Maka eggplant

  • Ala ọma - 1 akụkụ.
  • Hygiene - 1 akụkụ.
  • Ihe eji egwu egwu - 1 akụkụ.

Maka cucumbers

  • Hygiene - 1 akụkụ.
  • Ala sod - 1 akụkụ.
  • Osisi ash - 150-200 g kwa ịwụ mix.

Maka salad

  • Ala ala - 3 akụkụ.
  • Peat - 2 akụkụ.
  • Ihe eji egwu egwu - akụkụ abụọ.

Maka celery

  • Hygiene - 1 akụkụ.
  • Ala sod - 2 akụkụ.
  • Ihe eji egwu egwu - 1 akụkụ.
  • Osisi ash - 300-400 g kwa ịwụ ala ngwakọta.

Anyị nwere olileanya na isiokwu a enyerela gị aka idozi nsogbu banyere ịkwado onwe gị nke ala maka osisi gị. Cheta mkpa ọ dị ịkpụcha ala ma buru n'uche na mkpa osisi dị n'otu ọkwa nke acidity - ihe ga-esi na ya agaghị adịte aka!