Ịzụta buckwheat na ụlọ ahịa na iri nri buckwheat porridge, anyị anaghị eche banyere ajụjụ nke osisi a na-etolite na ihe ọkara buckwheat na-aga n'ihu tupu ị banye na ụlọ ahịa ahụ. Tụlee nke ọma kedu ihe buckwheat, otú o si etolite, na ihe dị mkpa ọ bụla n'ime ọkpụkpụ buckwheat.
Ntughari ndu nke buckwheat
Buckwheat osisi sitere n'ememe Fagopyrum Mill. Ụdị buckwheat gụnyere ihe karịrị ụdị iri na ise nke ezinụlọ Buckwheat. A na-akpọ otu ụdị a buckwheat. Osisi a bụ mkpụrụ ọka ọka. Homeland buckwheat - North India na Nepal. N'ebe ahụ, a na-akpọ ya osikapa ojii. E mere ka ọdịnala nke ihe karịrị puku afọ ise gara aga. Dịka otu nsụgharị si kwuo, buckwheat bịara Europe n'oge mbuso agha Tatar-Mongol. N'etiti ndị Slavic nweere aha buckwheat n'ihi onyinye site n'aka Byzantium na narị afọ nke asaa.
Buckwheat bụ osisi kwa afọ ma nwee nkọwa dị mfe.
Usoro mgbọrọgwụ mejupụtara mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ na ogologo usoro. A naghị emepụta ya nke ọma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ubi ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ nke akụkụ nke elu nke mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi bụ nchịkọta nri nke sitere n'ala, akụkụ nke ala - mmiri nke osisi ahụ. Usoro mgbọrọgwụ na-etolite n'oge dum.
Buckwheat stalk branched, hollow, curved in knots, 0.5-1 m elu, 2-8 mm oké, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na onyinyo na ọbara ọbara aja aja na n'akụkụ anyanwụ. Ọkpụkpụ na-adị nro, nke dị mkpa, nke na-agbazi ngwa ngwa site na mmiri mmiri na nke mbụ na-ata ụkọ.
Okooko osisi anakọtara na inflorescences nke acha ọcha ma ọ bụ acha odo odo agba. Na-apụta na July, nwee ísì dị iche ma na-adọta aṅụ.
Doo dị iche iche: cotyledon, sessile, petiolate. Mkpụrụ ahụ na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị. Dabere na ọdịdị nke ọgịrịga na n'akụkụ nke mkpụrụ osisi, ụdị nku, wingless na nke etiti bụ ndị a ma ama. Agba nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ oji, aja aja, ọlaọcha. Ugo nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-adabere n'ụdị buckwheat na ọnọdụ na-eto eto. A na-ekpuchi osisi ahụ na nnukwu okwute, nke a na-ekewapụ iche.
Ala: nhazi na fatịlaịza
Uzo nke buckwheat na-eto eto na-adabere na ihu igwe na ala. A na-ahụ mkpụrụ osisi kachasị elu na ọhịa-steppe na Polesye. Osisi nwere ike itolite n'elu ala di iche iche, ma iji mezuo okwesiri ighota na buckwheat na-acho ala ndi na-ewe iwe ngwa ngwa ma juputa ya na oxygen na ihe oriri tinyere ihe na-emeghi ike acidic ma obu na-etinye aka na nti (pH 5.5-7). Na arọ, ebe a na-eme ka ala jupụta na igwu mmiri, arụpụtaghị ihe ubi ga-adị ntakịrị.
Usoro nlekota nke buckwheat nwere ike di iche. Ogo omimi nke ala na usoro iheomume nke ogwugwu ya na-adabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na omenala nke onye bu ya. Ebe ọ bụ buckwheat bụ omenala ịgha mkpụrụ, isi ọrụ n'oge tillage bụ karịa mmiri reten, na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi ghara ịgha mkpụrụ na oge mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, na-emepụta ala dị mma na nhazi ya.
Njikọ fatịlaịza kwesịrị ekwesị na ala dị mma maka ịba ụba nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ. buckwheat Iji mepụta ọka ọka 1, osisi ahụ na-erepịa pasent 3-5 nke nitrogen sitere na ala, 2-4 kilogram nke phosphorus, 5-6 kiloka potassium. Ya mere, usoro mkpado fatịlaịza nke osisi kwesịrị ịdabere na usoro ziri ezi dabere na nchọpụta ala. Nke a kwesịrị iburu n'uche mkpa ọ dị maka nri maka otu osisi na iji ihe ndị a mee ihe site na owuwe ihe ubi n'ọdịnihu. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na a na-etinye phosphate na potash nri maka mkpụrụ ọka n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na-akọ ubi ma ọ bụ mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, nri fatịlaịza - na oge opupu ihe ubi n'oge a na-akọ ihe ma ọ bụ dị ka ncha elu.
Oge kachasị mma maka itinye nitrogen fatịlaịza maka buckwheat bụ oge budding. Ngwunye nke mmanu na-eme ka ihe nnoo mara nke ọka di mma: o na-eme ka uka ya di elu, mezie ihe ndi mejupụtara ya ma belata umuaka. Ọnụego nke ammonium nitrate kwa otu mgbakwasa elu bụ 60-80 n'arọ / ha. Ekwesiri ighota na maka chernozem na chestnut ala nka a na-achikota buckwheat enweghi ihe bara uru na teknuzu nke ihe ubi. N'ebe ugwu, a pụrụ itinye ụdị nri fatịlaịza ọ bụla n'oge mmepe mmiri, na nri fatịlaịza siri ike - n'oge ịgha mkpụrụ.
Ọ dị mkpa! A na-etinye fatịlaịza nwere chlorine na ọdịda, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na buckwheat na-emetụta ha n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma.Anyị ekwesịghị ichefu banyere mkpa nke nri nri na ahịhịa, ọka ọka na sunflower dịka ihe na - akpata mmepụta nke organic organic na ala. Ọzọkwa Mkpụrụ ọka dị mkpa mkpa anụ: manganese, zinc, ọla kọpa, boron. Ọ kachasị irè ịhazi mkpụrụ maka ịgha mkpụrụ. 50-100 g nke manganese sulphate, 150 g nke boric acid, 50 g nke zinc sulphate dị mkpa maka 1 ton nke osisi.
Ezi na ndị ọjọọ nke buckwheat
Iji nweta mkpụrụ dị elu buckwheat ga-eburu n'uche ebe ọ nọ na ntụgharị. Ọtụtụ afọ na ahụmahụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akwado na Ihe kacha mma buckwheat kachasị bụ ihe ubi oyi, mkpo nri, na kụrụ ihe. A naghị atụ aro ya ka ọ kụọ ya mgbe a kụrụ ọka, n'ihi na e nwere nnukwu ahịhịa nke ahịhịa na ata, nke na-emetụta mkpụrụ. Mgbe kichin, mkpụrụ nke buckwheat na-abawanye site na pasent 41, mgbe peas - site na pasent 29, poteto - site pasent 25, oyi rye - site na pasent 15. Mgbe ọka bali, mkpụrụ ga-ebelata pasent 16, oats - site na pasent 21.
Ọ dị mma ịgha ọka buckwheat mgbe emechara ya: bọta sugar, ọka silage, nduku, ihe oriri. Mgbe oyi, buckwheat na-etolitekwa nke ọma. Ọ na-eji nri ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị dị na mmanụ na mineral n'ọrụ n'okpuru ihe ubi ndị gara aga. Iji mekwuo mkpụrụ nke buckwheat, ịkwanye ahịhịa na itinye ya n'ime ala nke mkpụrụ ọka cereal gara aga jiri ya mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza ọzọ. Dị ka ezigbo ndị bu ụzọ maka buckwheat, a na-eji omenala leguminous nke oge dịgasị iche iche: vetch, ihe nchịkọta nke ahịhịa ndụ, soybean.
Ọ dị mkpa! Mkpụrụ ọka buckwheat nke a kụrụ mgbe a na-emepụta nduku na-adịghị mma na-adịghị mma, bụ nke na-adịghị mma, na-ebelata.
Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na ∫nweta ∫gw ™ ∫d∫ ™ d∫ mma na njikọ nke ak®k ™ ak®r® na-eme ka mkp®r® nke buckwheat na-eme ka ™ t®r® na ∫n ™ t®r® njikọ na-es∫gh∫ ∫z ™. Mkpụrụ ọka buckwheat ugboro ugboro na-eduga ná mkpụmkpụ nke mkpụrụ nke 41-55%. Mgbe ha na - eduzi nyocha, ihe kachasị dị na njikọ nke ndị di na nwunye - peas - buckwheat na nke kachasị nta na afọ atọ ịgha mkpụrụ nke buckwheat.Buckwheat bụ ihe ọkụkụ phytosanitary. Ọ bụrụ na ịgha mkpụrụ ọka cereal, mmebi nke ire ere ha ga-ebelata site na ugboro 2-4 ma e jiri ya tụnyere owuwe ihe ubi mgbe ọka ndị gara aga. N'ihi nhazi nke mgbọrọgwụ ya, buckwheat na-ebelata njupụta nke ala. Nke a nwere mmetụta dị mma n'uto nke ihe a kụrụ n'ubi.
Mkpụrụ nkwadebe
Nhọrọ dị mma nke ụdị osisi dị iche iche na nkwadebe nke mkpụrụ maka ịgha mkpụrụ na-amụba mkpụrụ nke ihe ubi.
Ọgwụgwọ nke buckwheat osisi maka ịgha mkpụrụ na-enye ha disinfection si ọrịa, mma germination na-ewe ebe 1-2 izu tupu agha. Dị ka ihe nkiri na-emebu ihe ngwọta nke gluu. Ha na-agbakwunye ọgwụ "Fenor", "Vitatiuram", "Roxim", "Fundazol" dịka ntuziaka ndị ahụ si dị na mkpụrụ osisi na usoro nke wetening ma ọ bụ ọgwụ nkwusioru. Ọrịa na ọrịa nke buckwheat, dị ka ntụ ntụ ntụ, mgbochi, wdg, ọgwụgwọ mkpụrụ nwere ohere ọ bụla. Nke a na-emetụta mmụba nke mkpụrụ.
Akuku ụbọchị
Ọ dị mkpa ịgha mkpụrụ buckwheat ozugbo ala dị ọkụ ruo 10 cm ruo 10-12 Celsius C na egwu nke mmiri mmiri na-agabiga. Nkpokoro oge mbu na-etinye aka na mkpokorita nke mkpuru osisi, ojiji nke ndi na-eto eto na ndi na-eto eto n'oge. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, ga-emezi ọnọdụ maka ihicha. N'okpuru, ọ dị mkpa ịgha mkpụrụ nke ọka ọṅụṅụ na steppe na nke abụọ - afọ nke atọ nke April, na mpaghara ọhịa - steppe mpaghara - na ọkara mbụ nke May, na Polesie - na nke abụọ - afọ iri nke May.
Ị ma? Ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị ma ma enwere ihe dị iche na okwu buckwheat na buckwheat, ma ọ bụ okwu ndị a dịka. Aha mbụ bụ buckwheat. Okwu a pụtara osisi n'onwe ya na mkpụrụ sitere na ya. Buckwheat bụ okwu na-agbagharị agbawa nke pụtara dị ka nsụgharị dị mkpirikpi nke dị mfe ma dị mma. A na-akpọ Buckwheat bu grock buckwheat.
Ịkụ ọka buckwheat: atụmatụ, mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ osisi
Ngwa ngwa ngwa na-eto eto, otú ahụ ka ọ na-enye aka na mmegbu nke ata ahịrị ma na-eme ka mkpụrụ ahụ too. Na-akwadebe ala maka ịgha mkpụrụ buckwheat mejupụtara isi na preplant ọgwụgwọ. A na-eme ya na-echebara ihe ọkụkụ ndị gara aga, ngwongwo ala, ogo nke mmiri ala, igwu ahịhịa nke ala. Ezigbo utịp na mmepe nke buckwheat na oge mbụ nke uto gosipụtara ntụrụndụ nke ala, nakwa ka ihe ubi na-ebugharị na-agba chaa chaa.
Tupu ịgha mkpụrụ buckwheat, Ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ atụmatụ ịgha mkpụrụ: nkịtị, dị warara na larịị. A na-eji ụzọ dị elu na-eme ihe mgbe a na-agha mkpụrụ na mbubreyo na-edozi iche na ala dị ala. N'okwu a, nlekọta nke osisi na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa. A na-eji usoro nkịtị eme ihe na ala ndị nwere obere ọmụmụ, na ala na-adịghị na saline, mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ dị iche iche. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-emegharị osisi ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọkụkụ, ọ ghaghị ịgha mkpụrụ ya na nke ọma.
Mkpụrụ osisi buckwheat na-adabere n'ọtụtụ ihe: ndi oru ugbo na mpaghara, onodu ihu igwe. N'iji usoro ahihia buru ibu, ezigbo nri nke buckwheat osisi bụ 2-2.5 nde PC. / ha, na nzuzo - 3.5-4 nde nkeji. / ha Mgbe a kụrụ ihe ọkụkụ ahụ, osisi ndị ahụ dị mkpa, nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ozernennosti, ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na-adị mfe ịnọ n'ụlọ. Ugbo ahihia na-emetuta oke nke buckwheat. Ya mere, a ghaghị ịgbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpụrụ na-adabere n'ihe ndị kpatara: ịgha mkpụrụ, ala mmiri, ụdị ala, àgwà nke osisi.
Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eto eto kwesịrị ịdị 30-50% elu karịa na ụtụtụ. N'oge akọrọ, ọnụego a ga-ebelata, na oge mmiri - abawanye. Na ala ndị na-eme nri, ọnụego ahụ ga-ebelata, na ala na-adịghị mma - iji mụbaa. Mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ na belata germination, ọnụego ahụ na-amụba site 25-30%.
Mkpụrụ ịmị mkpụrụ dị mkpa. Osisi ndị na-eto eto nwere mgbọrọgwụ na-adịghị ike, n'ihi ya, ọ na-esiri ha ike ịkụda ala ma wepu osisi cotyledons na mkpụrụ osisi. Ya mere, iji mee ka osisi buckwheat bụrụ nke nwere ike ịmị mkpụrụ, ọ dị mkpa ịgha mkpụrụ dị na ala ájá n'otu omimi. Na arọ Ona a omimi nke 4-5 cm, na-akọ n'ala - 5-6 cm, na akọrọ top oyi akwa - 8-10 cm. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, Nnukwu ntinye nke osisi buckwheat na-eme ka mmepe osisi dị mma ma nwee mmetụta dị mma na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke inflorescences na ọka.
Ị ma? Enweghị ihe oriri nwere ike iji ya tụnyere buckwheat nke ole quercetin bioflavonoid (8%). Ọ na - egbochi ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ cancer na - eduba n'ọnwụ ha.
Na-elekọta ihe ubi buckwheat
Maka mmepe nke ezigbo seedlings dị mkpa iji nọgide na-enwe mmiri n'ime ala. Mmetụta dị oke mkpa nke a bụ ịkwagharị ihe ọkụkụ. A na-arụ ọrụ kachasị mma n'ọhịa. Tupu ntuputa nke osisi, ọ dị mkpa ka ịgha mkpụrụ. Iji meziwanye uto na mmepe nke osisi ọ dị mkpa iji hụ na ịtọpụ nke ahịrị. Mmiri nke mmiri na ikuku nke ala, ha na-eme ọgwụgwọ nke abụọ n'agbata ahịrị dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ. A jikọtara ya na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ.
Ilekọta ihe ubi na-agụnye oria na ọrịa buckwheat. Usoro nchịkwa nke nchịkwa na-agụnye ịzụlite ụmụ ahụhụ, fungi, nje bacteria na-enweghị ike imetụta Ome ma emetụta ihe ndị na-egbochi ya. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ịbawanye asọmpi nke buckwheat site na ịmepụta ọnọdụ dị mma maka uto ya. A ghaghị iji usoro ọgwụ chekwaa nanị mgbe enwere ike ịchekwa ihe ọkụkụ ahụ site n'aka ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ọgwụ osisi ọgwụ eme ihe dị ka ọgwụ. Ekwesiri ighota na enwere uzo onodu aku na uba. Ogo nke ata ah u kwesiri iburu na ojiji nke ahihia ga-efu oke.
Ihe dị oke mkpa na usoro nlekọta maka ihe ọkụkụ nke buckwheat bu nnyefe nke ndị na-achị ehi n'ọhịa mgbe okooko osisi buckwheat. Mmanụ aṅụ buckwheat bụ mmanụ aṅụ 80-95%, ya mere ọ dị mkpa otu ụbọchị ma ọ bụ abụọ tupu okooko dị nso n'ubi iji tinye oghere ndị ahụ na ọnụego nke anụ ọhịa 2-3 nke 1 ha.
Owuwe ihe ubi
Mgbe osisi aja aja 75-80% amalite ịsacha buckwheat. Emere ya maka 4-5 ụbọchị. Elu nke ịkpụ osisi kwesịrị 15-20 cm. Ụzọ kachasị esi egbute buckwheat dị iche. Ke idaha enye emi, mowed uka ama ọtọn̄ọ ke 3-5 usen, ọ na-adị mfe threshed. Uru nke usoro a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu n 'ụkọ mkpụrụ, ụkọ mkpụrụ osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, mma ọka, na enweghị nchịkọta ọka na ahihia. Usoro a na - eme ka nkà na ụzụ na mkpụrụ osisi dị mma ma mezie nchekwa ya.
Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọkụkụ ahụ dị nro, obere ala, nsị, usoro nchịkọta dị irè na-ejikọta ọnụ. N'okwu a, ọka nwere oke iru mmiri, nke a na-esiteghị na ata.
Ị ma? Buckwheat nwere mmetụta na-agwọta ahụ mmadụ: ọ na-eme ka ha nwekwuo hemoglobin, na-ewusi mgbidi nke arịa ọbara, wee gbochie ọbara ọbara. Maka ebumnuche ọgwụgwọ, a na-atụ aro ka ị rie mkpụrụ ọka sprouted. A na-egosipụta mmetụta ha na ahụ site na iji ya eme ihe ogologo oge. A na-eji ọka 1 teaspoon mee ihe maka 1 nkeji, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ 50-60 na-emegharị.
Nhazi na nchekwa nke buckwheat
Mgbe a na-ewe ihe owuwe ihe ubi, a kpochapụrụ ihe ubi ahụ site n'enyemaka nke igwe nhicha ọka ma kpochaa ozugbo owuwe ihe ubi. Ịkwụsị nhicha ga-eme ka ọka na-ekpo ọkụ. A na-emecha nhicha ọka n'ime atọ: mbido, isi, nke abụọ. A na-eme ya na igwe dị iche iche.
A na-enye nnukwu nkwụsị ọka site na ihicha ka mmiri dị n'ime 15%. A na-echekwa mkpụrụ maka ihe ọkụkụ n'ime ụlọ akọrọ n'ime akpa akwa. A na-agbaji ebe ọ bụla dị iche iche na pallet osisi. Ogo nke nchịkọta ekwesịghị ịfe 8 akpa dị elu na 2.5 mita n'obosara. Mgbe echekwara na nnukwu, ogo ya kwesịrị ịdị na 2.5 m.
A na-ebu osisi Buckwheat, nke a chọrọ maka oriri ụmụ mmadụ, maka nhazi maka osisi ndị na-ere osisi ndị pụrụ iche. Ha na-ebu nhicha nke ọka, nhazi hydrothermal, nkewa n'ime ihe dị iche iche, na-akwagharị, nkewa nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. Enweghị iji hydrothermal nhazi ọka na-acha ọcha grits. Mgbe anyị nyochachara n'ụzọ zuru ezu otú esi akụ ma na-eto buckwheat, anyị nwere ike ikwu n'ụzọ doro anya na ọ bụ nke omenala ndị ahụ na-adịghị ekwe ka mmebi nke ịkụzi nkà na ụzụ. Uzo nile nke ihe ubi nke buckwheat bu otu. Ya mere, iji nweta nnukwu mkpụrụ Idebe nchebe nke agrotechnical dum dị mkpa.
