Gentian (Gentiana) - nnukwu osisi, na-acha ụcha okooko osisi ha. Ụdị gentian dị iche iche nwere ike iju ọbụna ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ahụmahụ anya. Gentian bụ otu ìgwè nke osisi kwa afọ na nke osisi nke ndị ezinụlọ ndị gentian. A maara ihe dịka ụdị osisi 400 a n'ụwa nile. Ala nna nke ọtụtụ ụdị bụ Asia. Gentian na-agakarị na kọntinent niile ma e wezụga Antarctica na Africa. A na-eji ihe karịrị 90 nke ụdị ya eme ihe na omenala. N'isiokwu a, ị ga-amụ banyere ya ụdị ndị Gentian kachasị ewu ewu na ha nkọwa zuru ezu.
Kwa afo ndi di iche iche
Kwa afọ nke Gentian bụ osisi osisi siri ike. Ndị nnọchianya kacha mma bụ ndị gentian bearded na gentian splayed. Otú ọ dị, otu afọ ndị Gentian na-emepụta ihe ubi dị obere.
Ebube
Bearded Gentian bụ osisi herbaceous kwa afọ. Eji ụkwụ, 6-60 cm n'ogologo, nwere mgbọrọgwụ adventitious dị ka afụ ọnụ. Nnukwu okooko osisi "bluebells" blue-violet. Osisi na-agba na July - August. Ọ na-etolite n'ala ahịhịa, oke ọhịa, mmiri mmiri.
A na-eji akụkụ uzo nke osisi (akwụkwọ na okooko osisi) mee ihe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ochie nke Tibet. A na-eji ọgwụ na-agwọ ọrịa maka mbuba nke imeju, na-amụba, maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ọrịa biliary, nsogbu nke oyi baa, nnukwu aka mgbagha, ọrịa nke akụkụ eriri afọ, yana ọrịa dịgasị iche iche.
Okooko ndi di iche iche nke ndi Gentian bu otu n'ime ihe kachasi ike nke ogwu di mgbagwoju anya, eji maka ụkwara akọrọ, atherosclerosis, ọrịa nke usoro ụjọ, tachycardia, oyi baa, ọrịa rheumatic, gout. A na-eme ka irè nke decoction ma ọ bụ nke wepụ nke bearded Gentian na nnukwu ọdịdọ imeju ka gosipụtara.
Egburu ya
Onye gentian a na-etoputa na-etolite ruo 15 cm, nwere bass rosette nke epupụta, yana otu ma ọ bụ abụọ ụzọ abụọ na azuokokoosisi. Osisi a na-agbanwe kwa afọ site na June ruo September, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, okooko osisi ndị ahụ nọgidere na-anọgide ruo na njedebe nke ọnwa November. Mkpụrụ germinate na mmiri ma ọ bụ mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Osisi nwekwara ike dina ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ezigbo Gentian gbara ebe nile n'ime ime obodo nke ugwu na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Europe. Na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ụdị gentian a dị nfe ma ọ dị ụkọ. Gentian splayed - otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa n'ime usoro nke "Atụmatụ Atụmatụ maka ichekwa ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na UK".
Ụdị nke gentian
Ụdị nke gentian - otu n'ime ihe ọkụkụ mbụ kachasị mma. Ogwu siri ike na oyi zuru oke-nke siri ike, ya mere a na-achọsi ike n'ime ubi. Ndị nnọchiteanya kachasị mma nke okooko osisi ndị omeiwu bụ ndị isi mmiri, ndị Dahurian, edo edo, ndị Chinese mma, Koch, klyus, nnukwu anụ ahụ, akwa-flowered, lush, ternifolia, okpukpu atọ, ndị dị nro, ndị siri ike na ndị ọzọ.
Perennial gentian nwere ogologo oge iji mee ihe na ma ndị Asia ma ndị West na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, mba ndị na-acha odo odo na-eji uru ọgwụ agwọ ọrịa, ebe a na-eji koha, mmiri, na ndị ọzọ mee ihe n'ubi. N'ụzọ dị iche, na nkà mmụta ọdịnala n'Esia (China), ụdị ndị ọzọ dị na gentian ndị na-ewu ewu bụ ndị a na-ewu ewu: nnukwu ihe na-adịghị mma.
Mmiri
Ọdịda mmiri Gentian kachasị dị mkpirikpi n'etiti ụdị nile: ogologo dị nanị sentimita abụọ. Na pedicle adịghị eto karịa 3 cm. Otú ọ dị, osisi ahụ na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ihi enweghị ike nke okooko osisi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. N'ihe gbasara mmiri gentian, oge mgbe osisi ahụ na-agba na njedebe oge opupu ihe ubi na mmalite oge ọkọchị (May-June).
Ọdịda mmiri Gentian nkịtị na Central Europe. Ebe ndi ozo bu ebe di elu, na-etolite na ala ahịhịa juru nke oma, nke di mma maka uzo ala. N'aka nke ọzọ, ị nwere ike ịnwale ịkụ osisi a n'ubi gị ma ọ bụ ogige. Ala tupu akuku aghaghi ibu ocha, nke oma ma jiri ya na humus mejuo ya. Osisi spring gentian ọkacha mma na ndochi anya, mana nwere ike iji anyanwụ zuru ezu. N'ebe okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ, osisi ahụ ga-achọ nchebe site na anyanwụ.
Ị ma? Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, a na-ewere otu gentian dị ka osisi dị ka ihe na-esi ike. Dịka otu akụkọ oge ochie si kwuo, ọ bụrụ na mmadụ kpọbatara mmiri dị n'ime ala ya, ọ na-adị ize ndụ ka égbè na-egbu ya.
Daurskaya
Ogologo nke steam nke gentian Dahurian bụ 15 cm 30 cmA na-emeghe okooko osisi acha odo odo na-acha odo odo na August. Ebe obibi nke ala a: ebe ugwu, ebe ugwu, ebe ájá na akọrọ ntụpọ. Ebe ndi ozo: East Asia (Mongolia, China). Ka ha na-etolite, ihe ndị ahụ ga-ada n'ala, na-emepụta ubi na-egbuke egbuke. Mgbe etolite n'etiti osisi ndị ọzọ, ndị Gentah Dahuri na-etolite n'ụzọ dị elu. Na mpaghara oyi, nke a na-achọsi ike na-eto eto na anyanwụ - osisi ahụ ga-adị mma karie na ndochi anya.
Ọ dị mkpa! Daur gentian siri ike ma nwee ezigbo hardiness winter. Ya mere, eỌ bụrụ na ị kụrụ onye gentian maka oge mbụ, mee nhọrọ maka ọdịdị nke ụdị a.
Yellow
Yellow gentian bụ nnukwu, na-adịgide adịgide, ahịhịa ndụ. A na-akpọkwa osisi ahụ nnukwu gentian ma ọ bụ gentian. Olileanya ndụ nwere ike iru afọ iri ise, mana okooko mbụ ga-echere ihe dịka afọ iri. RỌnụ nke onye na-acha odo odo na-eru 1.50 m.
A na-agba akwụkwọ ndị ahụ ma kpochie osisi ahụ. Osisi odo odo buru ibu gbakotara na isi nke epupụta. Oge ezumike: June-August. Mgbọrọgwụ ndị Gentia wepụtara site na May ruo October. Ugbu a, osisi ahụ na-ebi n'akụkụ ugwu dị iche iche nke Europe: Southern Europe, Alps. Enwere ike ịhụ ahịhịa na mita 2500 n'elu larịị.
Ọ dị mkpa! N'oge owuwe ihe ubi, gentian na-acha odo odo kwesịrị ịkpachapụ anya: a ga-enwe mgbagwoju anya nke ahịhịa ọgwụ a ọcha hellebore - osisi na-egbu egbu. Ị nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na ha site n'usoro nke epupụta: epupụta nke gentian na-etolite na abụọ n'akụkụ isi ihe ahụ, na hellebore epupụta na-eto eto atọ ma bụrụ ndị na-enweghị isi.
A na-eji ọgwụ ọgwụ a eme ihe na omenala dị iche iche. Yellow gentian na-akpali agụụ, na-alụ ọgụ afọ ọsịsa, na-eji dịka antiseptik, ọ bụkwa ụbụrụ n'ozuzu (na-egbochi ike ọgwụgwụ). A na-etinye osisi ahụ n'ụdị ogwu herbal. A na-eji Rhizomes na mgbọrọgwụ mee ihe na ọgwụ herbal.
A na-eji Chinese mma
Osisi ohia a na-eto eto juru ebe nile na China, nke bu na mpaghara ebe ugwu ugwu. Owuwe ihe ubi na-ewere ọnọdụ na ọdịda. Okooko osisi Gentian tan. Mgbọrọgwụ bụ ike. Ahịhịa nwere ụfụ na-atọ ụtọ.
A na - egosi gentian nke a na - eji mara mma maka ọrịa maka ọrịa ndị na - esonụ: enwere ọnya, na akpịrị akpịrị, ọrịa anụ ahụ, ọrịa Oziọma (jaundice), ọrịa nke imeju na eriri afọ, na isi ọwụwa na dizziness, yana antidepressant. A na-ejikarị ndị gentị nke Chinese na-agwọ ọrịa na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ ụdị decoction ma ọ bụ tincture. A na-ewere broth ma ọ bụ n'èzí.
Koch
Koch (Gentral stemless) bụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nke gentian. Ụdị dị iche iche nke ụdị a bụ na osisi ahụ enweghị nsị ma dị nso n'ala. Osisi dị ezigbo ala (naanị 5-10 cm n'ịdị elu). A na-achịkọta akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na rosette. Ugwu nke mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ dị mma. Okooko Koch nwere ọchịchọ imechi ihu igwe ozuzo.
Osisi a na-emekarị n'ugwu nke Europe (na Alps). Oge okooko osisi ahụ bụ site na May ruo August (dabere na ọnọdụ). Ụdị gentian a bụ nkewa dị ka osisi ornamental. Ịkwado osisi na vegetatively. Photophilous
Klusi
Gentian Klushi - osisi ogwu na osisi buru ibu na obere osisi, n'èzí dị ka koha gentian. Elu bụ 8-10 cm. Ekekọrịta na Europe (na ugwu nke Pyrenees, na Alps, ndị Apennines na ndị Carpathians). Ebe ndị a hụrụ n'anya bụ nkume nkume na nkume nkume. Mkpụrụ nwere ike kụrụ n'oge ọ bụla n'afọ, ma ọ ka mma ime nke a na oge oyi ma ọ bụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi iji nweta oge oyi. Uru bụ compost. Ya mere, anyị na-atụ aro ka ekpuchi osisi ndị nwere ájá dị mkpa.
Ị ma? A na-akpọ Gentian Klussi mgbe Carl Clusius (Charles de Lecluise) - otu n'ime ndị na-akụ azụ na Europe kachasị mkpa na narị afọ nke 16.
Akwụkwọ buru ibu
Gentian bụ onye toro ogologo bụ osisi toro ogologo na nke mara mma nke na-etolite na ugwu ugwu nke dị n'etiti etiti Europe. Nke a na-eto eto nwere nnukwu mkpụrụ osisi, dịka ogologo na nnukwu epupụta. Agba agba na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ. Osisi ahụ na-amụba ruo 140 cm.
N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbọrọgwụ nke gentian jupụtara na nnukwu olulu. Ihe mgbakwunye mgbọrọgwụ nwere mmetụta nke antibacterial na mgbochi mkpali. Maka nzube ahụike onye Gentian buru ibu buru ibu ka eji emeso ya Nsogbu digestive ka ọnwụ nke agụụ na flatulence (bloating). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-eji osisi ahụ eme ihe onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọnga na ụlọnga.
Large-flowered
Gentian nnukwu-flowered - magburu onwe ya ogwu. Okooko osisi nke umu a di oke karia osisi n'onwe ya. Perennial elu - 4-5 cm.Na-agba nkịtị. Calyx bụ ụda mgbịrịgba, acha odo odo-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Mgbọrọgwụ na-akpụ akpụ, branched, na-ebu ọtụtụ ị ga. Oge okooko osisi ahụ bụ na June-August. Nnukwu gentian bụ ebe niile n'Ebe Etiti Eshia. A na-ahụ osisi ahụ n'elu ala ahịhịa elu na ugwu nkume na-egbuke egbuke. Na ọgwụ ndị Tibet na-eji ya maka ọrịa ndị na-efe efe na ọrịa vascular, yana tonic.
Ọgba
Genty fluffy - otu n'ime obere umu nke ezinụlọ gentian; osisi dị elu abụghị ihe karịrị sentimita asaa. Doo obere na ụdị. Osisi dị iche iche dị iche iche, nnukwu, nkedo, acha anụnụ anụnụ, ọcha na isi. Na-eme n'ọhịa ala Alpine na elu 3200-4500 mita n'elu larịị. Ebe niile na China (Yunnan Province, Lijiang City). Gentians dị ebube na Blooms n'oge ahụ site na June ruo September.
Ternifolia
Ternifolia - herbaceous perennial, dịtụ kọmpat iche na icha mmirimmiri acha anụnụ anụnụ okooko osisi. Perennial elu 4-10 cm. Na-arị elu, dị mfe. A naghị emepụta rosette radical nke epupụta; akwukwo ogugu di iche iche, nnukwu. Ụcha acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. Okooko osisi nkịtị, sessile. Akwukwo na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie, nke yiri akwa tubel, nke yiri nha, 4-6 cm n'ịdị elu.
Oge okooko osisi na ụbịa. Osisi sitere na ebe nkume nke Asia. A ka na-azụlite ya na China. A na-atụ mkpụrụ osisi nke gentian a na-atụ aro na anyanwụ zuru ezu na ala acidic na mmiri dị ukwuu.
Atọ-flowered
Gentian nke nwere okpukpu atọ bụ ogologo, okooko, osisi perennial. Elu nke ụdị a nwere ike iru 120 cm. Ebe obibi bụ ebe ahịhịa, karịsịa n'akụkụ roadsides. Perennial kesara n'ime oké ọhịa nke Asia (China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan). Osisi na-asọ asọ site na August ruo September. N'ime oge a na-akọ ihe, gentian ahụ nwere okpukpu atọ chọrọ ala mmiri, nke ọma. Ìhè ahụ kwesịrị ịdị oke ike dị ka o kwere mee, okpomọkụ adịghị oke elu, ihu igwe dị ntakịrị.
Gentian nwere okpukpu atọ nwere antibacterial Njirimara. Mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi nwere ogige ndị dị ilu, nke bụ tonic dị mma maka usoro digestive. A na-eji mgbọrọgwụ mee ihe n'ịgwọ jaundice, eczema, conjunctivitis, akpịrị akpịrị. Mgbọrọgwụ ndị Gentia weghaara na ọdịda ma kpochaa maka ojiji. Tupu i jiri osisi a mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ, ị ga-ahụ ọkachamara.
Nwunye na-ama
Gentian nke na-ama jijiji bụ nke dị iche iche na-eto eto gentian. Ọ na-eche na ọ dị mma n'ubi nkịtị. Ndị ọbịa ahụ na-enwe obi ụtọ n'ubi ahụ, osisi ahụ na-achagharị "mgbịrịgba" dị mma nke agba odo odo. Oge ezumike: May, June. Osisi elu - 8-10 cm. Ka oge na-aga, ụdị gentian a na-eji akwa akwa. Na-eto eto Gentian nke nwere ike iru ala kwesiri iju ya n'anwu ma o bu onodu ozo. Ala ebe perennials eto kwesịrị acidic.
Rough
Gentian ike, akpọkwa Korea ma ọ bụ Japanese gentian, bụ ụdị ndị ọzọ dị iche iche nke ezinụlọ ndị gentian. Osisi a na-emekarị n'ọtụtụ United States na North Asia (Japan). Okooko siri ike gentian dara n'etiti etiti. Osisi nwere ihe kariri ma o bu ihe n 'onu ogugu, 30 cm n'ogo. Akwụkwọ dị iche iche na-aga nke ọma. Epeepe ọ bụla na-ekpuchi mkpịsị ụkwụ ahụ. Calyx tubular, elongated. Osisi ndị acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ acha anụnụ anụnụ. A na-eji mgbọrọgwụ ọjọọ nke onye na-adịghị ike gentian mee ihe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ochie Japan dị ka tonic. Na mgbakwunye, a na-agwọ ha ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị metụtara imeju.
Osimiri gentian - otu n'ime osisi ndị kasị sie ike na-eji ornamental hotikoisho. N'ịbụ ndị dị iche iche nke gentian, ị nwere ike ikpokọta nchịkọta dị ịtụnanya nke ga-esi na mmiri ruo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ gị n'ubi.
