N'ime ogwe osisi nke osisi ọ bụla, e nwere nnukwu oyi akwa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma - sapwood.
O juputara ohere n'etiti isi nke osisi na ogbugbo, bụ onye na-eduzi nri na mmiri site na mgbọrọgwụ ruo okpueze na azụ.
N'ebe a na-eme nri ma biri obere ebe site na ezinụlọ nke ogbugbo - ndị sapwood.
Umu umu na mpaghara ndi nkesa
200 ụdị ogbe ogbugwu abanye n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta mkpụrụ osisi nke mkpụrụ osisi nke Northern Hemisphere na South America, na 50 n'ime ha na-anọchi anya ya na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba anyị.
Ụmụ ahụhụ ndị a "machasị" ma ndị a kụrụ (apụl, ube, wdg) nakwa na osisi ọhịa dịka ash ash, hawthorn, cornel, deciduous na osisi coniferous.
Oge nile nke mmepe nke ebe a na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime osisi dị mkpa nke osisi, ya mere eme ka ọ ghara imebi emebi, na-egwu ala site na ọtụtụ amaokwu, na-agbanye ha na nkwụ ahụ ọkụ, na-ebibi mkpụrụ ndụ cambium (na-enye ụba nke anụ ahụ), na-eme ka ahụ gwọọ ya.
Maka ozi: Otu osisi sapwood na-abanye n'ime ndụ ya ruo 3 strokes 6 cm ogologo. Mmeghari nke otu nwanyi ruru 100 nsen. Ị nwere ike ichetụ n'echiche mmebi nke otu ọgbọ nke pests ndị a na-eme.
Ihe dika osisi obula nwee nsogbu gị (mono-phage), nke na-ahọrọ mkpụrụ osisi ndị a iji hụ na ọ dị adị:
- mkpụrụ osisi sap;
- birch sap;
- osisi saplings;
- almọnd;
- mpi, wdg.
Ụfọdụ ụdị na-egosi mmasị maka mpaghara nkesa:
- Ussuri;
- Moravitsa sapwood (Dauria, Northeast China).
A na-enye ụdị dị iche iche nke anụ ọhịa site na njirimara morphological nke ọrịa:
- pygmy caprice;
- wrinkled;
- Sapman
Mkpụrụ Ụdị Nkọwa
- Sapod - ebe agba aja aja na agba aja aja:
- ruo 4mm;
- na nke onwunwu elytra na equilateral pronotum;
- afọ nke agba asatọ, ogologo, sloping;
- obere isi, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, dọtara n'ime obi;
- antennae nke nwere okpokoro oval na ikpere (klọb), nke a na-ekpuchi na ntutu;
- isii na apịtị apical na ụkwụ ala;
- nwere otutu ntutu na akpịrịkpa kpuchie ahụ dum.
- Ụdị a na-ejikarị dimorphism.
- Nsen na-acha ọcha, nkuzi nke oval dị elu ruo 1 mm ọ bụla. Na ịtọ - 50-100 nsen.
- Ube ahu di ocha, di ocha, ya na uda uhie, ruo 5 mm; na mkpokọta oku nke na-enye ya njem; onye dị mkpa - agba aja aja;
- Uhie dị ọcha na agba nke metamorphosis nke ebe, nke kwekọrọ na ya; okirikiri, nkenke nkenke, ya na oghere uzo siri ike.
Eziokwu: Ebe ọzọ, ebe ndị a na-amị mkpụrụ, na-anwa ịmị mkpụrụ osisi, karịsịa osisi nkume. Ọ dị ntakịrị na nha (ruo 3 mm) na chal na-acha ọbara ọbara na-enweghị mma. Ụgbọ njem ya maka ịchọta ebe obibi ọhụrụ ga-amalite ọnwa ọzọ ka e mesịrị - site na July ruo August.
Foto
Ị nwere ike ịhụ otú sapwood si ele foto dị n'okpuru:
Ọnọdụ nke mmepe nke birch sap
- Ọdịdị nke ebe na osisi nke ga-aghọ ụlọ ya dabara mmalite nke June - n'etiti July.
Birch sapwood na-ahọrọ ogwe osisi na alaka ndị dị ike nke osisi na-ebelata mgbe oge oyi gasịrị ma ọ bụ n'ihi mmebi nke ugbo nke osisi, na-araba n'ime ha ma na-edepụta ihe dị mkpirikpi, na-azụ na nwa na-eto eto. N'ebe ahụ, n'okpuru ogbugbo, na-ezukọta na ìgwè, ọ ga-anọgide na-anọ n'oge oyi.
- Nwanyi nwere oru ozo: o choro igbata site na nnabata nke nnabata na mgbakwunye na nkuku na akuku akuku maka njide.
Ịrụ ọrụ dị ike na-achọ mgbalị, ya mere nwanyị nọ na-akwadebe ebe maka ụmụ na-eri nri siri ike na nchekwa mmiri nke sapwood.
- Fatịlaịza na-eme n'ogologo nke ọrịa strok ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nwanyị na-etinye àkwá na fossa n'akụkụ ma na-ekpuchi ha site na ntụ ọka.
Mgbe o mezuru nzube ya ma mechie ọnụ ụzọ ya na ahụ ya, ọ na-anwụ.
- N'okwu ọkụ nke oghere ahụ, nsen na-abanye na mbempe, nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'amaokwu dị iche iche, na-eri sapwood. Wintering n'okpuru ogbugbo, ha na-akwụsị nri ruo mgbe mmiri.
- Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti ọnwa Mee, mgbe ọ gwụchara, nwa ogwu ahụ na njedebe nke usoro ahụ na-emepụta "nest pupes", ebe usoro nke pupation na-ewere ọnọdụ.
- Izu abụọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ebe ọhụrụ na-apụta site na red, dị njikere ịchọ ụlọ ya. Maka ịpụ apụ, sapling birch nwere ike ịnweta site na usoro ahụ.
Ọ dị mkpa: Ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke mbibi nke osisi site na mkpụrụ osisi bụ obere ntụ ọka ntụtụ nke na-esi na akụkụ ndị gnawed nwanyị. Na mkpụrụ nkume - chịngọm nke ọma na-agbanye. Osisi ahụ na-ada mbà, na-ebelata mkpụrụ, ma, ọ bụrụ na ọ na-amị mkpụrụ, ọ na-ebelata na mkpụrụ mkpụrụ.
Nchịkwa na mgbochi
Ntughari nke ndu na ebe na umu ya na ihe di iche iche nke mmepe di iche iche nke nmegide ndia:
- Kwarantaini - iji gbochie mgbasa nke sapwood.
- Ịkwalite nzụlite ugbo iji melite ahụike nke osisi ahụ ma wepụ ọnọdụ ndị na-emeju usoro ọmụmụ:
- nhọrọ mgbanwe;
- sanitary kwachaa;
- ezu atọ;
- ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ.
Enyemaka: Otu osisi siri ike n'onwe ya nwere ike ịnagide sapwood. Iji mee nke a, o nwere ike ịgbanye ihe ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ ịwa mmiri na larvae, na-eme ka onye nke a nwụọ. - Ndu. Nbanye n'ime ịmị ụbụrụ - ụmụ ahụhụ (site na ezinụlọ Hymenoptera) na nnụnụ, bụ ndị iro nke anụ ọhịa, ma ọ bụ acarifagov - dịkwa ka usoro nje bacteria, dị ize ndụ maka ụdị ahụ. Utu na nkụ, greenfly jiji na anteraceae (pestryak) bụ ndị enyemaka dị mma n'ịlụ ọgụ megide mkpụrụ osisi sapwood.
- Chemical - ịgba izu abụọ ọ bụla na ụmụ ahụhụ ("Aktar", "Vector", "Mospilan", "Confidor") ma ọ bụ phosphor-organic. Iji merie ebe, injections nke synthetic pyrethroids na-eji n'okpuru cortex ("Decis", "Sherpa", "Fastak").
A ghaghị iburu n'uche na larvae na pupae nke ogbugbo ebe anaghị anabata okpomọkụ okpomọkụ ma na-emeghe ìhè anyanwụ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-emetụta dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ dị iche iche n'oge okpomọkụ n'oge ikuku. Oké ọkọchị bụkwa ọdachi nye ha.
Dabere na ihe ọmụma a, ị nwere ike ịmepụta usoro iji gbochie ogige ahụ ka ọrịa a ghara ịda gị.
