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Ụdị nke ọrịa gri ma jikwaa usoro

Osisi vaịn na-esonyere ụmụ mmadu n'oge ọ bụla nke mmepe nke mmepeanya, na-enweta ike site n'ala na anyanwụ.

Naanị ọrịa ọ chọrọ enyemaka nke ndị mmadụ.

Nyere osisi vaịn aka, ịmara ọrịa ahụ na ogo egwu - ọzọ na nkọwa nkọwa, nchịkwa nchịkwa na foto nke akwụkwọ na-acha mkpụrụ vaịn.

A na-ekewa mkpụrụ vaịn abụọ dị iche iche: ọrịa na-adịghị emerụ ahụ. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ha, n'aka nke ya, na-agụnye obere ọrụ. N'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-elebakwu anya na nhazi na mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ndị greepu.

Kedu ụdị ọrịa ndị na-amị mkpụrụ?

Ọrịa

  • Ọrịa mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ vaịn.
    1. Mildew (downy mildew).
    2. Oidium (pepelitsa, igirigi mealy).
    3. Alternaria (oliv).
    4. Anthracnose (ọhụụ, anya nnụnụ).
    5. Grey (botrino).
    6. Aspergillosis ire ere.
    7. Ọcha ọcha (ọcha-ọnụ, "ajọ ifufe").
    8. Ọkpụkpụ ojii (oji ojii).
    9. Pink moldy rot.
    10. Rubella.
    11. Verticillosis (wilt).
    12. Ogbaghara.
    13. Armillaria.
    14. Nkpọrọgwụ ire.
    15. Diplodioz.
    16. Penicillosis.
    17. Fusarium
    18. Monilioz.
    19. Cercosporiosis
    20. Oghere ntụpọ (escoriosis, fomopsis, screching).
    21. Gelmintosporiosis
    22. Septoriosis (melanosis).
    23. Esca (ọrịa akwara).
    24. Eutipiasis (aka akọrọ, ịnwụ aka).
  • Njikọ nje bacteria.
    1. Nchọpụta nje bacteria.
    2. Ogbugbu (acetic) na-ere ire ere.
    3. Na bacterial necrosis (nje wilt, Oleiron ọrịa)
    4. Bacteriosis nke tomato.
    5. Ọrịa Pierce.
    6. Ọrịa nje bacteria.
Enyemaka: Ọ bụghị ọrịa mkpụrụ vaịn ọ bụla nwere ike ịgwọta: maka ụfọdụ (ọrịa cancer) ọ bụ naanị usoro ịkọ - ọ ga - ekwe omume - raskorchyovka na nke na - esochi.
  • Ọrịa gwọọ nke mkpụrụ vaịn.
    1. Ngwọrọ ụkwụ (ọrịa nkwụsị).
    2. Mkpụrụ odo (chlorosis).
    3. Bordering veins.
    4. Mosa na-acha ọcha (panashyur, variegation)
    5. Interstitial chlorosis.
    6. Golden yellowing.
    7. Achọpụtala ya.
    8. Necrosis nke Ome.
    9. Nje virus, ma ọ bụ mosaic arabis.
    10. Asteroid (kpakpando).
    11. Nje virus na-acha ọcha.
    12. Ọcha ọbara ọbara.
    13. Nje Virus marbling epupụta.
    14. Necrosis nke veins.
    15. Doo curling virus (ọlaedo odo).
Enyemaka: N'ime ndepụta "ọrịa ndị na-akpata mkpụrụ vaịn nke mkpụrụ vaịn" ọ bụ naanị ọnọdụ 4 mbụ ka a kọwara. Ndị fọdụrụ na-ere nje dịpụrụ adịpụ, ma, dị ka ihe si kwuo, a na-anọchite anya ya na osisi vaịn na ụdị mpempe akwụkwọ.

Ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ

Ọrịa ndị na-eto eto na-akpasu iwe.

  1. Elementoses (ọrịa ndị jikọtara ụkọ nri):
    • chlorosis (enweghị ígwè, zinc, manganese ma ọ bụ boron);
    • rubella (enweghị potassium);
    • nkwụsị nke mgbochi;
  2. Burns mkpụrụ vaịn.
  3. Ịgbasa tomato.
  4. Necrosis nke osisi osisi.
  5. Ahụ mkpọnwụ nke ikpere.
  6. Mgbaghara nke akpati.
Enyemaka: Site na ahụmịhe bara uru nke ndị na-amị mkpụrụ na mpaghara, ọ na-esote na ọ bụ nanị akụkụ nke ọrịa nke mkpụrụ vaịn ka a maara site n'elu ndepụta: mildew, oidium, anthracosis, chlorosis, rubella, carcinoma nje na elementoses.

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Kedu otu esi achọpụta ụdị ọnya?

A na-enye ntule mbụ site nyocha ọhụụ n'oge ọ bụla ọganihu, obere ntakịrị mgbanwe site na nhazi nke ọdịdị nke osisi ahụ. Onye nche ubi kwesịrị na ozi banyere ọdịdị nke ọrịa na-efe efe na mpaghara ndị agbata obi. Ntụle nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adịghị mma n'oge oyi-oge opupu na-enwe ike ikpughe ihe gbasara ihe gbasara ihe gbasara nke puru na-efe efe na ekwo Ekwo.

Ihe ịrịba ama mgbaàmà mbụ nke mkpụrụ vaịn ahụike bụ akwụkwọ.

  1. Ha nwere ike gbanwee edo edo na akọrọ. ọ bụghị naanị site na enweghi mmiri na oge akọrọ (ụdị mmebi iwu), mmebi nke osisi vine ma ọ bụ afọ ya.

    Akụkụ a bụ ihe nrịba ama na-egosi ihe mmewere, mgbe osisi ahụ enweghị nitrogen, ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa dị na ala.

    • Mgbanwe na agba nke efere efere nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọnyá nje: ọrịa chlorosis, yellowing, ọcha (variegated) na odo (chlorosis) mosaic, fusarium, escoriosis, septoria, na ọrịa na-arụsi ọrụ ike;
    • acha odo odo na mmiri na-atụ aro na nchịkọlọtọ na-efe efe;
    • A pụrụ ịhụ mgbanwe na ọdịnaya nke chlorophyll na nsọtụ akwukwo ma ọ bụ site na veins, bụ nke na-egosi mgbe ụfọdụ nje nke na-ejide veins ma ọ bụ na mbụ nke mildew;
    • ihicha akuku nke mpempe akwụkwọ - ọrịa Pierce;
    • A na-ahụ nchọpụta akwụkwọ n'ime akụkụ ala nke ohia na osisi nke na-arịa ọrịa na ụdị na-adịghị ala ala nke Eski (ihe mgbagwoju anya nke na-agwọ ọrịa).
    2. Enyemaka: Akụkụ nke ndepụta - ọrịa na-ahụ nanị n'ógbè ụfọdụ nke viticulture (Italy, Spain, Moldova, wdg). Dịka ọmụmaatụ: moniliosis, ọrịa Pierce.

  2. A na-achagharị akwụkwọ mgbe mgbe site na mmezu (enweghi phosphorus), ngbanwe oge na-aga n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke mkpụrụ vaịn na-acha ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ ọrịa na-egbu egbu;
    • na-acha ọcha na ire ere, na epupụta n'elu na annular aja aja tụrụ na Ome na-atụgharị uhie;
    • A na-ahụ osisi redness (ma e wezụga isi iyi) ma ọ bụrụ na nje virus na-egbu nje virus na akwukwo reddening virus.
  3. Mpempe akwụkwọ - ihe ịrịba ama nke Alternaria;
    • mmerụ pinhole nke efere akwukwo - ntụ ntụ;
    • nnukwu nchara nchara-aja aja n'etiti veins - ngosipụta nke eski.
  4. Akwụkwọ curl Dika onu ogugu, o nwere udi ogwu di iche - odo odo odo, akwa ocha, chatex ma obu fungal - oidium.
  5. Akwụkwọ nri Browning na nsọtụ nke efere ahụ, ọ bụ njirimara nke ọrịa ntụ ntụ, moniliozom, ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ - enweghị potassium n'ala;
    • ebe gbara ọchịchịrị na-ekwu banyere septoria;
    • Akwụkwọ aja brownish na-erukwa na chalcosporosis, verticillosis na ... na ntachu.
  6. Akwụkwọ aja aja ụdị nke elementosis (na enweghị potassium) na oké njọ na oidium;
    • akwukwo ahihia akwukwo aja - ihe gbasara nke puru necrosis.

  7. Ọdịdị nke mwakpo (mealy) n'elu ederede nke akwukwo na ekwu mildews:
    • ihe nkedo na-acha uhie uhie dị mfe n'elu na ala - oidium;
    • akwukwo oliv oliv na azụ nke akwukwo - cerkosporioz.
  8. Ohere na epupụta nwere ike ịbụ ọrịa buru ibu ma ọ bụ kpatara ya site na enweghị ihe mgbochi na-edozi ihe ọkụkụ:
    • mmanu mmanu ichaghari uzo uzo - ihe akaebe nke downy mildew;
    • ọ bụrụ na etu ndị dị otú a na-emepụta ụkpụrụ - anyị na-ekwu maka obere nkwekọ;
    • agba aja aja - rubella symptom;
    • obere agba aja aja ma ọ bụ nwa necrotic - akpọ ntụ ojii;
    • oghere necrotic nwere oke ojii na eriri anthracosis;
    • nke na-egbuke egbuke-dị ka ntụpọ bụ mmalite nke septoria.
  9. Akara na growths na epupụta (galls) ka e guzobere na mmeri nke rubella, anthracosis, mildew.
  10. Wilting epupụta n'ihi enweghị ihe doro anya - kpatara mmeri nke usoro mkpụrụ vaịn na-arịa ọrịa na-efe efe.
  11. Belata nha na ihe omimi nke akwukwo akwukwo nke a na-ahu na fusarium;
    • epupụta adịghị emetụ mgbe eutypia;
    • a na - ahụ ndokwa ịkwado ihe ndị dị na veins nke akwụkwọ ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala - short-nodules.
Mụta maka ọrịa ndị ọzọ na pests nke osisi nke ị nwere ike izute n'ime ogige: //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Rust, Bacterial Burn, Birch Sapwood, Moth Apple, Lichen.

Mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ahụ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, otu ihe ịrịba ama, nke gosipụtara nanị na mpempe akwụkwọ, ezughị ezu maka nchọpụta ziri ezi.

Ya mere, ọ bụ omenala iji tụnyere mgbaàmà mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ahụ maka ịdị irè nke nhọpụta ihe eji eme ihe.

  1. Anomaly vine gosipụtara n'ile anya dị iche iche dị iche iche:
    • ihe niile na-acha ọbara ọbara na-acha ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ na-acha ọbara ọbara n'oge ọ pụtara nke ise ise, mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-ejikọta ha, ha na-agbanye mgbọrọgwụ na ozi ọma - nke a bụ otú ntụcha mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ vaịn na-egosi n'oge oge na-eto eto;
    • nchara nchara na ntanya na - abanye n'ime ọnya - anthracnose;
    • agba aja aja na agba ntụ na-eto eto na - eto eto - ọ ga-ekwe omume mildew;
    • na-acha ọcha na akụrụ, na-agbanye na nkume ọcha - powdery mildew;
    • ọlaọcha ma ọ bụ aja aja - alternarioz.
  2. Mkpụrụ vaịn na-enweta ụcha ọbara ọbara n'ihi nkwenye nke agba aja aja na agba ntụ na-agba agba n'okpuru anthracnose.
  3. Ome akọrọ ruo mgbe mbibi zuru oke nke ohia na mmeri nke eskoy;
    • ihichapu osisi vaịn ya na ngalaba ogwu nwere ike imebi oria ojoo;
    • na Ome ndị na-eto eto na ire ere na-esi na ya pụta na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ nchịkwa na-emepụta;
    • Mgbugbu nke osisi ndị na-ebute nje nke ọkụ na-eduga ná nchịkọta na ọnwụ nke osisi ahụ.
  4. Brown agba Osisi na-enwetakarị mgbe frosts, mana ọ na-aghọ ihe mgbaàmà na-egbu mgbu na eriri nke ogbugbo na ụda ahụ na-egbu egbu nke iberibe - na nke a, oidium ma ọ bụ eutipiasis nwere ike ịzụlite;
    • agba aja aja na-acha na-acha na-acha odo odo mgbe oyiing na-ahụ necrosis.
  5. Mmiri uto ọ e ji ugliness na randomness nke Ome - nke a bụ otú nje necrosis ayarade onwe ya.

Na nhazi mbu nke okirikiri nke vegetative, enwere ike ihu uzo mbu nke oria ohia n'elu nkpuru vine:

    • ugbo ohia na okooko osisi nwere ike ibu nmuta site na enweghi mmuputa na udi ozo, ma obu nsogbu ihu igwe na oge mmetọ, ma otu mgbaàmà a na-esonyere ya na Patce;
    • inflorescences akpọnwụ n'okpuru ọcha oge ntoju - akpa pụta ìhè nke downy mildew;
    • isi ihe na-acha uhie uhie nke na-ekpuchi elu ala ahụ na-egosi ọdịdị nke ire ere ntụ;

Na-echere oge ịmepụtara ovary na ripening nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, ị ​​nwere ike ịnweta ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi nyocha ahụ:

  1. Mkpụrụ, enweghị oge iji jupụta na ihe ọṅụṅụ, akọrọ, ha na-esiwanye ike, nweta ụcha na - adịghị mma - nke a na - egosi mmeri site na mildew, cricosporia;
    • ọ bụrụ na osisi ahụ na-ebute onye na-agba chaa chaa ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha - na tomato, na-agba agba, gbanwee nwa ma ọ bụ gbanwee aja aja ma gbanye ya;
    • ọ bụrụ na verticillosis, mgbe akwụkwọ nke a mịrị amị, mmalite mkpụrụ osisi amalite;
    • na anthracosis na-arụsi ọrụ ike, mkpụrụ vaịn adịghịdị enwe oge iji chaa chaa chaa: tomato akọrọ na crumble;
    • mgbe ụfọdụ mgbe ị na-ebugharị ohia ahụ, ihe kpatara ihicha nke tomato bụ ikiri nke mbo ahụ, nke na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịmị mkpụrụ.
  2. Ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ n'oge nkpuchi na-egosi mmeri mildew ma ọ bụ oidium;
    • ichapu mkpụrụ nke tomato ọ bụla na ịchọta uto na-asọ oyi bụ njirimara nke nje site nje virus yellowing;
    • Ihe ndị e kere eke nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-akpata wilting: ntachu, mmiri adịghị eru, ibu nke ohia;
    • mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto ma ọ bụrụ na nje virus dị mkpụmkpụ.
  3. Agbanwe mkpụrụ osisi tomato mkpụrụ vaịn na-acha ọbara ọbara, oidium, moniliasis;
    • ọdịdị nke ijiji mmiri - azụ mmiri na-achọpụta ire ere;
    • na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, nsụgharị aspergillosis na-arụpụta nke kachasị njọ, na-atụgharị ụyọkọ n'ime nsị na-agba aja aja.
  4. Gri oge ntoju Oidium na-enye na mkpụrụ vaịn;
    • ncha na-acha ọcha na-amị mkpụrụ n'oge nchekwa ma bụrụ ntụpọ na-acha ọcha, na ịkpụ mkpụrụ - pink foci nke sporulation;
    • akara oliv bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke chalcosporosis;
    • acha ọcha na-acha ọcha na-ekpuchi breeze dum bụ maka ọrịa mildew.
  5. Stains na tomato nwere ike na-acha uhie uhie na elemental (ụkọ ígwè), isi awọ na agba ojii na anthracosis, isi awọ gbara ọchịchịrị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na njikọ ya na steam - mgbe a na-ebute ya na mildew;
    • rust stains mgbe ọkụ ya na ọla kọpa preparations;
    • agba aja aja na mkpụrụ vaịn na-apụta na ire ere ntụ;
    • agba aja aja na-acha uhie uhie nke na-ahụ anya na mpaghara nke maturation na penitsiloze;
    • na bacteriosis nke tomato na-amalite site na ìhè ìhè beige, nke na-etolite n'ime, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na "iri" beri si n'ime (otu unions, n'ihi na onye tomato).
  6. Blackening tomatokpuchiri pycnidia (tubercles) na diplodioz.
  7. Ọ bụrụ agba aja aja ha na-agbapụ ya na alaka ya na - esi na ya pụta - mkpọnwụ nke crests gosipụtara n'onwe ya;
    • Akwukwo osisi shrub na-emegharia mgbe ihe ojoo ojoo na Patce bu.
Na-eguzogide ọrịa dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ vaịn: Gourmet, Victoria, Bianca, Laura, Valentine, Cabernet, Timur, Rosmus, Attica, Platovsky, Pervozvanny, Ncheta Onye Ozizi, Ruslan, Rosalinda, Kesha, New Century, Furor, Sponsor, Black Panther, Sphinx, Rusbol, Athos, Ruta, Tabor, Eze.

Mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ọnọdụ ohia

Karịsịa ikwenye na echiche nke ọrịa nke osisi vaịn bụ mgbanwe n'ozuzu ya dị ka ohia, ihe omimi ya, ọtụtụ uto na mmepe nke mmepe.

  1. Ohia adighi adi n'enweghi ihe obula: lelee ihe kpatara ya - a na - emetụta usoro mgbọrọgwụ;
    • dị ka ihe si na ọnya nwere ericillus, arillariasis, fusarium, ọnwụ nke osisi, ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ; nke bu eziokwu bu na enweghi ike iburu ihe ojoo n'osisi vine.
    • Ihe ọzọ na-akpata mberede na-egosi na ị nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu akụkụ nke eski, nje nje bacteria, necrosis bacteria ma ọ bụ fusarium.
  2. Ịgbanwe akụkụ nke ohia:
    • Mbibi nke phallus phloem, mgbe a na - ahụ ihe nkiri nke mycelium n'okpuru ogbugbo - onye na - emepụta ihe na - emepụta ihe na - akpata ọrịa, nke si na mgbọrọgwụ osisi ahụ pụta;
    • otu mmetụta dị na ogwe nke osisi vaịn ogwu ahịhịa na-egosi onwe ya;
    • ọkpụkpụ nke akụkụ osisi ndị ahụ emetụta na ọnwụ nke alaka dum jupụtara na njirimara nke escoriosis;
    • ihe na ọrịa strok n'elu ogbugbo nwụrụ anwụ - ọnụnọ nke gelmintosporioza;
    • nchịkọta nke anụ ahụ nke osisi ahụ na-eto eto na nzụlite nke uto, n'ọnọdụ nke ịkpụchasị nke ọma n'oge gara aga bụ ihe àmà doro anya nke eutipiasis;
    • ọdịdị nke eriri anụ ahụ na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ na-acha ọbara ọbara n'ahụ ahụ osisi vaịn ahụ pụtara mmeri nke osisi ahụ na kansa cancer.
  3. Egbubi, na-ebelata mkpụrụ osisi, iwepụ osisi nke sitere na ala na mgbọrọgwụ ya bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke ire ere ma ọ bụ ọrịa cancer;
    • a ga - ahụkwa ihe ngosi ndị a na ndị okenye okenye nke dị afọ asatọ, ihe kpatara ya ga - abụ obere mkpịsị aka.
  4. Nchọpụta ntụpọ dị mkpirikpi dịka ngbanwe dị n'ụdị na-eto eto na-akọwa site na mgbọrọgwụ ire, fusarium, eutipiosis, ọrịa Pierce.
  5. Pasvy ibu nke Ome - otu n'ime ihe ịrịba ama nke fusarium;
    • ịgha mkpụrụ nke osisi vaịn bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke mmebi ahụ.

Akụkụ bụ isi nke ọrịa na-adịghị efe efe nke mkpụrụ vaịn bụ obodo ha: a gaghị ebute ihe mgbaàmà na osisi ndị dị nso.

Na, ọ bụ ezie na n'egosipụta ihe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ụdị iyi egwu dịgasị iche iche, ha anaghị esi ike iwepu:

    • nhazi ala;
    • mmalite nke ihe omume nke mineral na-efu;
    • enyere osisi ahụ aka n'oge nsogbu nke ụkọ mmiri (oké ọkọchị, mmiri ozuzo);
    • ekpuchi osisi sitere na ala okpomọkụ (n'abalị, n'oge oyi);
    • ịzụta osisi na-adịghị ike nke nwere ihe ndị dị na ya;
    • agbanwe usoro ugbo nile maka mma.

Otu osisi siri ike, nke ọma na-ebute ọrịa ọ bụla. Ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eme mgbochi ọgwụ, usoro ọgwụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ n'ubi ahụ, mgbe ahụ, ohere nke ọrịa ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị ala.

Ma ọ bụ naanị mkpụrụ osisi na-adịbeghị anya, na usoro ihe ọmụmụ nke, na usoro nke nhọrọ, na-eguzogide fungal na ụfọdụ nje nje na nje nje, nwee nkwa zuru oke. Nhọrọ dị iche iche bụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nchedo ọrịa.

Lelee vidiyo banyere nchebe nke mkpụrụ vaịn site na ọrịa ahụ na mmiri.

-Akpali Isiokwu