Ala

Kedu ụdị ụdị ala

Maka onye na-elekọta ubi na onye na-elekọta ubi, ihe kacha mkpa bụ ala nke ala ya.

Ụdị ala dị iche iche dị iche iche site na njirimara ndị a:

  • nhazi;
  • ikike ikuku;
  • ụdị hygroscopicity;
  • ike ọkụ;
  • njupụta;
  • acidity;
  • saturation na micro na nnukwu igwe, organic.
Ịmara ihe ubi banyere ụdị ala na àgwà ha ga-enye gị ohere ịhọrọ nri ndị kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkọ ihe ubi n'ubi, bulie nri ma mee atụmatụ usoro agrotechnological.

Clayey


Nke a bụ ala nke nwere oke dị elu, usoro a na-adịghị ahụkebe, dị na ụrọ 80%, dị ntakịrị ikpo ọkụ ma hapụ mmiri. Mmiri na-adịghị mma na-agafe, bụ nke na-ebelata ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ya. Mgbe mmiri na-amị amị, na-egbu egbu, plastic. Site na ya, ị nwere ike ịgbanye mkpịsị mmanya 15-18 cm, nke ahụ na-adị mfe, na-enweghị mgbagwoju anya, na-agbanye n'ime mgbanaka. A na-eme ka ala ala dị na ala. Enwere ike ime ka agrotechnical na-egosi ala ụrọ na nkebi, karịa ọtụtụ oge.

Ọ dị mkpa! Maka ikpo ọkụ kachasị mma nke akwa dị n'akụkụ ebe dị ọcha, a na-eme ha ka ọ dị elu, a na-egbute osisi ahụ n'ala. Na mgbụsị akwụkwọ, tupu mmalite nke frosts, ha na-egwu ala, ghara imebi lumps.
Na-ebuli ala ndị a site n'inye onyinye:
  • wayo iji belata acidity na melite aeration - 0.3-0.4 n'arọ kwa mita mita. m, mere n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ;
  • ájá maka mgbanwe mmiri dị mma, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị kilogram 40 / square mita;
  • peat iji belata njupụta, mụbaa looseness;
  • ash maka saturation na mineral;
  • nri, compost iji megharia mkpuru ala, 1.5-2 bọket kwa square mita. m kwa afọ.
Peat na uyi na-enye onyinye n'enweghị ihe mgbochi.

Ụdị ala a ga-akpachara anya nke ọma. Mgbọrọgwụ kụrụ, bushes na osisi nwere mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ na-eto nke ọma na ala ụrọ.

Ị ma? Mkpụrụ vaịn nke ọrụ ọkwa ọkwa "Merlot" na-eto nke ọma na ájá ụrọ nke Pomerol, nke kacha nta na-eto eto na France, Bordeaux ógbè.

Na-ahụ n'anya

Ọpụpụ yiri ụrọ, mana ya na njirimara kachasị mma maka ugbo. Loam, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ iji anya nke uche hụ ihe ọ bụ, bụ ala, nke a pụkwara ịpịkọta n'ime ala dị ala na soseji ma gbanye mgbanaka. Otu ala nke ala ala na-eme ka ọdịdị ya dị, kama ọ na-agba ọsọ. Agba nke loam na-adabere na adịghị ọcha ma nwee ike ịbụ nwa, isi awọ, aja aja, ọbara ọbara na odo.

N'ihi na-anọpụ iche acidity, mejupụtara mejupụtara (ụrọ - 10-30%, ájá na ndị ọzọ adịghị - 60-90%), loam bụ nnọọ nri na eluigwe na ala, adabara na-eto eto fọrọ nke nta ka niile kụrụ. A na-eme ka ụlọ ahụ dị mma site na nhazi nke ọma, nke na-enye ya ohere ịnọgide na-adị ọcha, na-agafe nke ọma. Ọ bụ n'ihi ụrọ nke ụrọ loam na-ejide mmiri.

Iji nọgide na-enwe ọmụmụ nke loams na-ekwu:

  • ngwugwu;
  • ịkọ nri na nri;
  • iwebata nri maka mgbụsị akwụkwọ igwu ala.

Sandy

Ìhè, ịkwapu, ala ájá ájá nwere ájá dị elu, anaghị ejigide mmiri na nri.

Njirimara ọma nke sandstones gụnyere ume breathability na okpomoku ngwa ngwa. Na ala a na-eto nke ọma:

  • osisi na osisi berry;
  • mkpụrụ vaịn;
  • strawberries;
  • carrots;
  • yabasị;
  • Nlekọta;
  • osisi nke ugu ezinụlọ.
Ịbawanye mkpụrụ n'okpuru ihe ọkụkụ na-eme ka ihe oriri na-eme ka organic na ịnweta nri.

A pụrụ ịzụlite akpụkpọ ụkwụ site na itinyekwu ihe na-eme ka viscosity:

  • ọgbọ;
  • humus;
  • ịkụ ala na ụrọ ntụ ọka.
Ọ dị mkpa! Ojiji ojiji nke "green fertilizer" - nri ahihia iji meziwanye ala nke ala. Ndị a bụ osisi na-akụ na saịtị, ma gwuru elu, na-ahapụ n'ime ala akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na uka na mgbọrọgwụ. Ihe atụ nke siderats: klova, vetch, alfalfa, soybean, sainfoin.
Akụkụ na-eme ka usoro ahụ dịkwuo mma ma mejupụta ya na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala na ịnweta.

Iji chekwaa ihe onwunwe, enwere usoro ọzọ ịhazi akwa - ụlọ ụrọ.

N'ebe akwa ahụ, a na-awụnye ụrọ ụrọ nke 5-6 cm, n'elu nke a na-eji ihe eji eme ihe na-eme nri - loam, ala ojii, ala ájá, nke a na-akụ osisi. Ụrọ ụrọ ga-ejide mmiri na nri. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ala na-eme nri iji wụsa akwa ahụ, ọ nwere ike dochie anya ya na mma ájá nke edozira na ihe ntinye maka viscosity na ọmụmụ.

Sandy

Iji chọpụta ụdị ala a, anyị na-anwa ịme bagel site na mmiri mmiri. Ala aja na-apụta n'ime obi ụtọ, mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ iji tụgharịa n'ime mmanya. Enwere ájá dị n'ime ya ruru 90%, ụrọ ruru 20%. Ihe atụ ọzọ nke ala ndị dị na ala na-anaghị achọ ka a na-akwụ ụgwọ ma dị ogologo. Mkpụrụ ahụ dị arọ, na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa, na-anọgide na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, mmiri na ihe dị n'ime mmiri, dị mfe ịhazi.

Ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ zoned osisi dị iche maka akuku na ịnọgide na-enwe ọmụmụ:

  • ntinye ngwa ngwa nke ihe akuku na ihe ubi;
  • macha na ahihia ndu.

Na-edozi

Ala nke ụdị a nwere ike ịdị ọkụ ma dị arọ, ụkọ ha bụ:

  • ịda ogbenye - ntakịrị ihe oriri;
  • ala acidity;
  • oké nkume;
  • ngwa ngwa ihicha
Mee ka ala a dị mma:

  • ngwa ngwa ngwa na potash;
  • ammonium sulphate na urea ịbawanye acidity;
  • ngwugwu;
  • nhazi;
  • ntinye akwukwo nri.
Iji jigide mmiri, ọ dị mkpa ka a tọpụsị ala ndị na-edozi edozi mgbe niile.

Ị ma? Mkpụrụ vaịn na-etolite n'elu ala ndị dị na Champagne "Sauvignon Blanc" ma "Chardonnay", nke na-eme ka mmanya na-egbu egbu mara ụwa.

Peat

Ala ndị a nwere nnukwu acidity, dịtụ ọkụ, nwere ike ịghọ swampy.

N'otu oge ahụ, ha dị nnọọ mfe ịzụlite. Mee ka ihe ndi ozo na ihe ndi ozo na-acho ma o bu ala mmiri na-enye ohere ibido:

  • ájá, ụrọ ntụ ọka - maka igbochi ha na-agbada n'ime ala, mmiri ahụ gwuru ala;
  • organic nri - compost, slurry;
  • ihe ndi mmadu - iji mee ka ngwongwo nke ihe ndi ozo megharia ngwa ngwa;
  • potassium phosphate nri.
Osisi nke osisi ubi na-emepụta n'ime olulu mmiri na-eji loam ma ọ bụ ala ndị ọzọ na-eme nri.

Currant, goozberị, ugwu ugwu, na strawberry na-amị elu na-amị n'elu ala.

Chernozems

A na-ele ha anya maka akwụkwọ maka ala ha. Nwee lumpy-grainy structure. Ogologo oge ejigide mmiri. Na-eme nri, nwere otutu humus na mineral, ma choro ka o jiri ya mee ihe:

  • a na-etinye nri na nri nri ndụ iji gbochie ike ha;
  • iji belata njupụta nke ala, a na-atụkwasị peat na ájá;
  • iji dozie nsogbu nke acid-base na-eme ka ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta kwesịrị ekwesị.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmalite mkpụrụ nke osisi gị, lelee usoro fatịlaịza maka ala dị iche iche.
N'iji usoro nke oru ugbo na ndi oru ugbo, i nwere ike ime ka mma nke ala di iche.