Phytophthora: nkọwa, akpata, mgbaàmà, usoro njikwa

Mbubreyo mbubreyo bu oria nke umu ihe dika ero dika umu anumanu nke Phytophthora kpara. Aha site na Greek sitere na "osisi na-emebi emebi". Na mkpokọta, a na-ahụ ụdị ụdị nje iri asaa. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ibute ọrịa na osisi, ahịhịa na ahịhịa. Mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche dị ndụ na - arụ n’elu ala nke ihe ọkụkụ, n’ime mkpuchi ala, n’elu ala na akụkụ ala nke ahịhịa ndị metụtara.

Ofdị mbubreyo blight

Ousdị ama ama gụnyere:

• Phytophthora batara Mont de Bary. Ọ na-emetụta nduku na ụra ehihie ndị ọzọ, na-arụ ọrụ na oge site na Mee ruo August;
• Phytophthora fragariae Hick. Enwere ụdị abụọ (var. Rubi, var. Fragariae). Site na microorganisms nke ụdị, mkpụrụ nke raspberries, strawberries na buckwheat nwere ike ịnwụ;
• Phytophthora cactorum Schroet. Ọrịa ndị na-egosi ibute ọrịa na-ebute na osisi sitere na ezinụlọ dị ka dogrose, beech.

Ọ bụrụ na ịmara etu esi agwọ ọrịa a, ị nwere ike ịchekwa ihe ubi gị n’ọrịa a.

Guo otu edemede na mbubreyo nduku.

Mgbu nke mbido mbubreyo

Ka ịhọrọ ụzọ nke mgba, ịkwesịrị ịme nchọpụta nchọpụta. Oge ụfọdụ nyocha a na-amachaghị nyocha nke ihe ọkụkụ.

Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na usoro ọgwụgwọ kachasị mma n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla bụ prophylaxis n'oge.

Onye ahụ kwesịrị ịdị na-eche banyere ubi ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na:

• gbara ọkpụrụkpụ, akwụkwọ ya na mgbọrọgwụ ya, ahịhịa ndị na-esonụ nke agba ntụ, agba aja aja, nke ojii ma ọ bụ nke lilac-brown hue pụtara;
• mkpuchi ọcha pụtara na azụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ, njirimara na-egosipụta ọdịdị n'ihu;
• inflorescences gbara ọchịchịrị wee daa;
• A na-eji mkpụrụ osisi ebu ụzọ mee ka agba cha cha.

Akara nke ikpeazu na - abụkarị mmeghachi omume nke mebiri n’oge a na - akụ ahịhịa na ịkọ nri. O siri ezigbo ike ịchekwa osisi a kụrụ. Ọ dabere na ọkwa a chọpụtara na ọrịa ahụ.

Ihe isi ike na ebilite n’oge a bụ ụdị ọrịa bute na-adịghị ala ala ma ọ bụ mmetụta na-adịghị mma nke ihe ndị abiotic. Mkpụrụ ọgwụ nje na-anọgide na-enwe ọgwụ mgbochi Phytophthora n'oge udu mmiri. Irepu kpatara site na mbubreyo blight, nwere ala akọrọ ma sie ike. Ọ bụrụ na agwọghị ya, osisi ahụ emetụtara ga-eji nwayọ kpọrọ nkụ.

Phytophthora nwere ike ịmalite n'ihi ihe ndị a:

• ikuku ezughi oke;
• ọnụnọ nke ebe nchebe;
• nhazi odide;
• eleghara oke okpomọkụ anya;
• ntụgharị mkpụrụ akụ na-ezighi ezi;
• njuputa nkpuru akuku;
• nitrogen na wayo na ala;
• enweghi manganese, potassium, ayodiin na ọla.

A na-akpọ ikuku ọkụ - onye na-eri mkpụrụ osisi. Nke mbu, oria ahu emetuta ahihia akwukwo di n'okpuru. Nke nta nke nta, tụrụ na-ejide anụ ahụ dị mma. N'ihi ya, osisi ahụ na-akụ ma ọ bụ takọọ. Ochichiri gbara ọchịchịrị na-apụta na mkpụrụ ọka bu nje, n'ihi nke mbibi ọ malitere.

Mkpụrụ Phytophthora na mkpụrụ osisi na-etolite na omimi na ịdị obosara. Ma akwụkwọ nri na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-acha n'ihe ize ndụ.

Ihe kpatara mbubreyo blight

A na-ebufe ikuku site na osisi ọrịa ka ọ bụrụ nke dị mma site na kọntaktị kọntaktị, site na ala na ala. Ihe ọjọ jọgburu onwe ya na-agbasa ebe ahụ, "na-eme njem" na mkpanaka nke onye nwe ubi. Echefula banyere anu ulo na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ha nwekwara ike ibu ndị na-ebu ọrịa.

Ihe na - eme ka onye no na - eme ihe na - enwe ike ibi n'ime mkpuchi ulo ruo otutu afo. N'okwu a, ịgbalite ya ga-ewere ọnọdụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ dabara adaba. Nwere ike iwepụ ọrịa ahụ site na enyemaka nke kemịkalụ na ụzọ ndị ọzọ.

Mgbochi ọrịa blight nke mbubreyo na ala

Ọ bụ otu n'ime usoro kachasị mkpa. Ihe mgbochi gụnyere:

• zụta nke iche na-eguzogide mbubreyo blight. Ọ kasị mma inye mmasị maka ụdị ngwakọ mbụ;
• ihe a na-akụ tupu ị kụọ;
• ịhọrọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị. N'okwu a, ịkwesịrị ilebara mkpa ọdịbendị a kụrụ anya;
• na-eso usoro ịgha mkpụrụ a tụrụ aro ya;
• nrubeisi nke ihe ọkụkụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, tomato enweghị ike kụrụ mkpụrụ site na ndị ọzọ na ezinụlọ ha. Closedị nso ha bụ adịghị anakwere;
  usoro ntinye oge nke usoro ugbo (ịtọghe, mulching, akwa ejiji, ịkpụcha osisi, garter bushes);
• odide ndi agbata obi di nma. Maka tomato, nke a bụ galik, agwa bekee, eyịm, agwa, ọka, marigolds;
• ịsa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị. A ga-awụnye mmiri n'okpuru mgbọrọgwụ, ọ ekwesịghị ịdakwasị akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ ya.

Guo banyere mbubreyo blight na tomato.

N’ime ihe eji eme ha wayo, ekwesiri igbunye yabasị na peat n’olulu. A ga-eji ntụ wee fesa ụwa dị n'ọhịa ahụ.

A gaghị akụ osisi dị oke ọnụ.

Iji immunomodulators, onye na-elekọta ubi ahụ ga-enwe ike ime ka ihe kwụsiri ike nke kụrụ. N'otu oge, mmadụ ekwesịghị ileghara nsacha nke ala site na unyi na unyi nke nwere ike ibu isi mmalite nke ọrịa.

Ihe mgbagwoju anya nke mgbochi mgbochi na - agụnye spraying Trichodermin na Fitosporin-M.

Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ nke enwere ike iji chebe ma ọ bụ gwọọ osisi site na mbubreyo blight. Ọ dị mkpa ka mepụta nhazi na ihu igwe akọrọ. Mana a ga-eyigharịrị na-abụghị yie ka enwere ike ibido ya. Ihe ọzọ nwere ike imerụ nnukwu nsogbu bụ ifufe siri ike. You kwesịrị ị paya ntị na ikuku ikuku.

Otu esi akọ ala

Maka ebumnuche a, a na-eji nkwadebe microbiological na fungicides mee ihe. Nke ikpeazu na-ewebata n'ime ala na oge opupu ihe ubi (izu 4 tupu akuku) na ụbịa.

Okwesiri iburu n'uche na n'oge ahihia, a na-egbochi ogwu ọgwụ. Eziokwu a bụ n'ihi oke ihe egwu nke mebiri anụ.

N'etiti ndị na-elekọta ubi, nkwadebe ndị na-esonụ bụ ihe ndị ama ama: Ordan, sulfate ọla kọpa, Trichodermin, ngwakọta Bordeaux, Fitosporin-M.

Ihe mgbochi Greenhouse

Nke mere na osisi na ndo anaghị ata ahụhụ site na ọrịa a, onye na-elekọta ihe ubi ga-enyocha ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na iru mmiri.

Ihe ndị a tụrụ aro gụnyekwara:

• Inhapụ ụdị akụrụngwa na ebe obibi tupu ị banye. Na ọkwa a, enwere ike iji sọlfọm mee ihe. A ga-eme nhazi na nnabata na usoro nchekwa.
• Nrube isi na oru ugbo. Shouldgbara kwesịrị obere, mana hie nne.

Ileghara ha anya nwere ike bute ọnwụ nke ahịhịa niile. Ọgwụ mgbochi oge niile na-ebelata ohere mmadụ nwere ibute ọrịa blight.

Ọrịa na griin haus

Ọrịa mbubreyo bụ ọrịa na-enweghị ike ịgwọ kpamkpam. A ga - echekwa mkpụrụ akụ site na ya site na ịkwụsị ọrụ dị mkpa nke microflora na - emerụ ahụ. Pụtara maka ịgwọ osisi ndị a kụrụ na griin haus na ebe ghere oghe bụ otu. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a ga-enwe ọtụtụ nnọkọ, ma ọ bụghị na nsonaazụ bara uru nke kemịkalụ na ụzọ ọzọ abụghị eleghị anya.

Okwesiri iburu n’obi na mgbe a ga-emebi phytophthora na griin haus, ihe ize ndu nke nsi di elu karia mgbe esi eme ya n’èzí. Iji zere nke a, onye na-elekọta ihe ubi kwesịrị ịgbado anya maka nchekwa.

Etu esi edozi ahihia n’abali n’abia

Edekọtara agroche kemịkalụ na ọgwụ eji eme ihe n'ubi akọpụtara na Ndepụta Obodo. Iji kpochapu mbubreyo nke mbubreyo, ọgwụ dịka:

• Concento - phenamidone, propamocarb hydrochloride;
• Sectin Phenomenon - mancozeb, phenamidone;
• Previkur Energy - fosetil, propamocarb;
• Thanos - cymoxanil, famoxadone.

Islọ na-ewu ewu na ndị bi n'oge ọkọchị. Ihe a na-egbu egbu gụnyere ọla kọpa oxychloride.

Ọtụtụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ na-eji Furacilin, Metronidazole na Trichopolum.
N'ime ọgwụ ahụhụ, Fitosporin na-eduga. Enwere ike ijikọ ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ. Iwu a bụ ihe egwu dị na aji 3 na - egbu egbu. A na-ekpebi ugboro ole a ga-eji ya mee ihe site n'ọgwụgwọ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. A na-akwado ihe ngwọta ahụ dabere na ntuziaka ndị agbakwunyere.

Cannwekwara ike iji potassium permanganate, sọlfọ kloride, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-amị amị, acid boric, ngwakọta Bordeaux, sulphate ọla kọpa na nitrate nitrate.

Ọgụ megide mbubreyo blight site n'enyemaka nke ndị mmadụ ịgba akwụkwọ

Ndepụta ha sara mbara nke ukwuu. Iji nweta nsonaazụ kachasị, ekwesịrị iji usoro ndị ọzọ na nkwanye kemịkal.

Onye na-elekọta ihe ubi nwere ike ịhọrọ usoro ọ bụla site na ndị edepụtara n'elu. Isi ihe bụ ime mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ n’oge. Ma ọ bụghị ya, mbubreyo mbubreyo gbasara ngwa ngwa na saịtị niile ma mebie ihe ubi niile.