Osisi sugar bụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ọ bụ isi ihe na-emepụta shuga. Mkpụrụ ya na-adabere na egosi ihu igwe na ọnọdụ na-eto eto.
N'ime ugbo uwa, ndi bi na sugar nwere oke ozo. Mkpụrụ ya dị na 2003 ruru nde hectare 5.86. Obodo kachasị ukwuu nke ndị bi na sugar bi na Ukraine, Russia, China, Poland, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy; a na-akọ ya na Belgium, Belarus, Japan, Hungary, Turkey, Georgia.
Na mba Europe, sugar beet na-emepụta ihe ruru pasent 80 nke nchịkọta zuru oke n'ụwa. Sugar beets chọrọ ụba nke anyanwụ, okpomọkụ na oke mmiri ọkụ. Kedu mba bụ ndị ndú na mmepụta beets? Omenala etolitela na Russia? Eziokwu na data ziri ezi.
Ebee ka na-eto eto, olee ihu igwe na ala "hụrụ n'anya"?
Omenala na-etolite na mbara igwe. Akuku akuku anaghị anabata oké mmiri ozuzo na oké ọkọchị. Otutu ọdịda adversely na-emetụta mmepe nke tuber, na-emegide njikọ shuga.
A na-ekewa ala maka ịkụ mkpụrụ n'ubi atọ.
- Fit. Ala ojii a, sod-podzolic, sod ma ọ bụ ájá. Ejiri oke aja na peatlands.
- Ekwesighi. Clay na ala dị egwu, ala akụrụngwa.
- Okeghi ekwesighi. Loose, gley na gley (dọrọ na-adịghị mma), waterlogged.
Ihe ngosi kwesịrị ekwesị nke acidity dị iche na 6.0 ruo 6.5. A na-ahapụkwa ya ka o too na gburugburu 5.5-7.0.
Na-emepụta ma na-ebupụ mba
N'okpuru ebe a bụ ọkwa nke mba 5-ndị isi na mmepụta shuga shuga.
- 5th ebe Turkey. Nke a bụ obodo na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ihu igwe kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-enweta ebe dị nde 168 na afọ a. Otu mba a họọrọ Ukraine na ogo (mmepụta ruru nde tọn 16).
- 4 ọnọdụ USA. Kwa afọ bụ mkpụrụedemede 29. Na mba ahụ, na mgbakwunye na ubi ọka na ọka wheat na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ndị beets sugar na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Ma ulo oru ndi mmadu na ndi oru ugbo amama na-etinye aka na nke a.
- Mepee elu atọ Germany (nde 30 tọn). Ogologo oge a, mba ahụ nwere ọnọdụ nke onye na-emeputa ihe na onye na-emepụta shuga. A na-ebupụ sugar na sụchaa shuga.
- 2 ebe - France. Emeputa kwa afọ - nde 38. Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e weere ya dị ka onye ndú na nchịkọta beets. Ala na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nwere ala na-eme nri ma na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka o kwe omume na-ewe ihe ubi n'ubi mgbe nile. Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe bụ isi na Champagne. Ọ dị n'ebe ndịda, na mgbakwunye na beets, mkpụrụ vaịn na-ekpo ọkụ na-eto n'ebe a maka ịmepụta mmanya ndị a ma ama.
- Onye ndu na - Russia. Dị ka data maka afọ 2017, e mepụtara ihe karịrị pasent 50 nke shuga shuga. A na-emepụta nnukwu ngwaahịa a, a na-emepụta shuga site na otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke owuwe ihe ubi ahụ.
Gụkwuo banyere nkà na ụzụ nke ịmepụta shuga sitere na beets sugar, gụnyere n'ụlọ, na isiokwu a.
Kedu mpaghara nke Russia toro ọtụtụ?
Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, mkpụrụ ọka ọṅụṅụ nwere uru nke na-eto eto.
Kemgbe afọ 2016, nsị nke sugar beet abatala n'ọkwa ọhụrụ, nke mere ka o nwee ike ibute ụzọ kachasị elu na ọkwa ụwa. N'oge gara aga, a na-etolite ọdịbendị n'ọtụtụ dị nta, ọtụtụ n'ime owuwe ihe ubi ahụ wee na-azụ ehi.
Na Russia, a na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ na mpaghara 3, ebe ọ na-etolite n'ọnọdụ dị mma maka ya:
- South, Central Black Earth Area. Nke a bụ mpaghara Krasnodar, mpaghara Volga, mpaghara Black Soil Region. N'ebe a, enweta 51% nke ihe ọkụkụ zuru oke na mba ahụ.
- North Caucasus (Stavropol, Vladikavkaz, Makhachkala). 30% nke mmepụta ihe ubi.
- Volga. Ebumnuche maka ịba ụba biiti dị na ebe ndị obodo Samara, Saratov (anyị kọọrọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu banyere nkà na ụzụ nke oge a na-emepụta shuga shuga n'ebe a). 19% nke ngụkọta. Na mpaghara ahụ, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ 44 ndị na-edozi ihe dị ka tọn 40 puku akwụkwọ nri akwụkwọ kwa ụbọchị.
Ya mere, sugar beet bụ ihe ọkụkụ na-esi na ya pụta (ị nwere ike ịmụta otú e si eji sugar beet na ihe a nwetara n'oge nhazi ya ebe a). Beet tubers nwere 17-20% shuga. Ndị isi ụwa na-akụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ mgbọrọgwụ - Russia, France na Germany. Na Russia, sugar beet na-etolite n'ọtụtụ ebe na mpaghara ndịda.
