Osisi

Typesdị ebuka ndị dị mkpa maka pears na mpaghara dị iche iche na njirimara nke ịkọ ha

Nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ngwaahịa kwesịrị ekwesị dị ezigbo mkpa maka inweta osisi ube ogologo oge na nke na-amị mkpụrụ. Osisi ahụ toro, isi ya n'oge oyi, yana ụbọchị ịmị mkpụrụ na-adabere na ngwaahịa ahụ. Iji nwee ike ịhọrọ ụdị ihe ọkụkụ nke ịhọrọ mkpụrụ osisi mgbe ị na-azụ ihe, onye ọrụ ubi ọ bụla kwesịrị ịma ihe kachasị maka ozi banyere rootstocks, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na ị naghị eme atụmatụ ịta mkpụrụ nke ubi.

Kedu ihe ebuka na kedu ihe mere eji chọọ ha

Inweta ihe akuku maka nkpuru ube di iche abughi ihe di nfe. N'okpuru ọnọdụ adịghị mma, osisi ube anaghị etolite mkpọrọgwụ; mkpụ ha na alaka ha na-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ na nnukwu ihe isi ike na-enweghị mgbe ọ bụla, na mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ, a na-enweta mkpụrụ dị iche iche, ọ bụ naanị ole na ole na-ejigide ma ọ dịkarịa ala àgwà ndị bara uru nke ụdị mbụ ahụ. Yabụ, otu ụzọ dị irè isi gbasaa ụdị ube bụ na - arapara n'ahụ ebuka dị iche iche na - agbasa. Na mkpuru osisi, nkpuru ube na –ekere ala, dika odoro anya nlezianya na owuwe ihe ubi, obere oge ebidola mia nkpuru. Iji nkwakọba pụrụ iche na-agbanwe ga-enweta osisi ube, na-efelata n'ụzọ dị mfe maka oge oyi maka oge oyi n'okpuru snow.

Ube a na-akụ ka a na-enwe, ọ na-eto ma na-amị mkpụrụ

Iji tolite seedlings kwesịrị ekwesị, a na-adọkwasị ahịhịa na-eto eto na ogo 5-8 centimita si elu ụwa. N'ime ugbo onye na-amu amu, a na-etinyekwa ọgwụ mgbochi okpueze na osisi ndị okenye (ruo afọ 15). Nke a ga - enyere gị aka iweghachi osisi mebiri emebi site na ntu oyi ma ọ bụ jiri nke bara uru karịa dochie ụdị adịghị mma.

Iji nweta mkpụrụ osisi varietal, a na-akụ rootstocks dị ala karịa n'afọ mbụ ma ọ bụ n'afọ nke abụọ nke uto ha.

Nkọwapụta nke Isi:

  • Ngwa ha na-agha. Akụkụ ala nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ bụ mkpọrọgwụ ya na ntọala nke akpati ya, na - etinye aka na okpueze - tinyekwa ogwe osisi ahụ dum, isi ala ya na alaka ndị ọzọ na - adịghị ahụkarị.
  • Privoy bu nkpuru ahihia. Nke elu nke seedling n'elu saịtị nke ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.
  • Vgba ọgwụ mgbochi bụ teknụzụ maka ijikọ ngwaahịa na scion maka ijikọ ha n'ihu. A na-akpọkwa mbibi anwụghị na alaka nke scion.

Isi ihe maka ịhọrọ ngwaahịa maka ube:

  • oge oyi;
  • ngabẹru ụnwu;
  • omimi nke mgbọrọgwụ;
  • ịdị elu nke osisi tojuru etoju;
  • anwụ ngwa ngwa
  • ndakọrịta nke ngwaahịa na cultivar.

Mkpụrụ akụ na-eto eto na - adịrị ube

A na-enweta osisi kachasị ogologo, nke kachasị ike na nke na-adịgide adịgide site na ịkọ mkpụrụ n'ubi mkpụrụ osisi ọhịa. Ọtụtụ ụdị osisi pears dị mma maka ebumnuche ndị a, ha niile bụ osisi siri ike ruo mita 8-15 dị elu, nke nwere usoro mkpanaka na-abanye. Gha mkpụrụ nke pel na akuku mkpụrụ, ala mmiri ekwesịghị ịdị nso karịa mita 1.5-2 site na ụwa. Pears siri ike na-amị mkpụrụ n'ụba ruo afọ 50-100, mkpụrụ mbụ na-apụta afọ 5-10 mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.

Ugwu oke ọhịa dị ka ngwaahịa (vidiyo)

Atụmatụ atụ nke ụdị pears ọhịa (tebụl)

AhaNtachi obi unwu alaEbe o toro na okikeMpaghara nke okike n’okikeOge oyiEbe enwere ike iji ngwaahịa
Ussuri ubeDị alaMmiri gbara mmiri mmiri gbara mmiri n'akụkụ yaN'ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ RussiaNnukwu oke (-40 ... -45 Celsius C)Oke Oke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, Siberia
Oke ohiaNkeziOke ohia na nkpochapuMpaghara Central na ndịda Russia na UkraineỌkara (-25… -35 ° C)Ala nile nke Ukraine, etiti na ndịda Russia
UbeNnukwu okeOsisi igbo, ebe okwute di nkpaCrimea, CaucasusHardy naanị na mpaghara ndịdaMpaghara ebe ugwu nke Ukraine, Crimea, Caucasus
Ube loosestrifeCaucasus

Na mpaghara Europe nke Russia, ussuri ọhịa Ussuri adịghị eto nke ọma ma nwee oke dakọtara na cultivars, mana ejirila ya mee ihe nke ọma na njiri elu ya na ndị Europe na-akụzị ụdị ugwu ugwu siri ike.

Foto osisi nke ụdị mkpụrụ osisi ọhịa ọhịa a na-eji akụ

N 1990 a mmalite 1990s, nna nna m kụrụ kụrụ pears nke ọma na mkpụrụ nke nnukwu ube nwere obere mkpụrụ osisi na-eto n'ubi anyị. N'ime ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi nna ochie ndị ahụ, Lada na Chizhovskaya ka na-amị mkpụrụ, na-atọ m ụtọ na mkpụrụ osisi na-atọ ụtọ adịghị njọ karịa nke ndịda. Eji m aha dị ndụ merụọ pears nke nwere mbibi furu efu na mbido 2000s - anaghị m amasị mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ ha, ụdị ndị ahụ bụ ọkwa nke pears na-emebi emebi nke obodo.

Esi eto ngwaahịa maka mkpụrụ osisi ube

Sowinggha maka ịgha mkpụrụ, ị nwere ike iji mkpụrụ nke osisi pears, ọkara nke ahịhịa na ụdị oyi siri ike na-eto nke ọma na mpaghara ahụ.

  • N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na Septemba - Ọktọba, ọ dị mkpa ịnakọta pears dara n'okpuru osisi, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịhọrọ mkpụrụ osisi kachasị ukwuu.

    A na-egbute pears ọhịa na-amị n'okpuru osisi na Septemba - Ọktọba

  • Mgbe pears dina ntakịrị n'ime ụlọ wee dị nro kpamkpam, ma ọ bụghị nke rere ure, a ga-akpachapụ anya belata ya ma wepụsịa mkpụrụ ndị ahụ.
  • Naanị nnukwu, ire ụtọ na oke, emebibeghị, mkpụrụ osisi zuru ezu (agba site na aja aja gbara ọchịchịrị na ojii) dabara adaba maka ịgha mkpụrụ. Ìhè na-achaghị acha, yana obere, mịrị amị ma ọ bụ kpam kpam mkpụrụ osisi, enyela seedlings.

    Maka ịgha mkpụrụ buru ibu, na-emebibeghị, mma mkpụrụ osisi

  • Ekwesịrị ịsacha mkpụrụ ahụ na mmiri dị ọcha ma kpọnwụọ ya na saucer, tinyezie akpa akwụkwọ.
  • Maka ịgha mkpụrụ, ịchọrọ akwa a kwadebere na ala na-eme nri. Ọ dị mkpa ịgha mkpụrụ na October, mgbe mmalite nke ihu igwe dị mma, ma tupu mmalite nke ntu oyi.
  • A na-enweta osisi kachasị anwụ na nke siri ike site na ịgha mkpụrụ ozugbo na ebe na-adịgide adịgide. Mkpọrọgwụ ha, ọ bụghị nsogbu nke ntụgharị ahụ, banye na omimi, na-enye osisi ahụ iguzogide ntu oyi na ụkọ mmiri. Maka ọdịbendị a kapịrị ọnụ, a na-akwadebe akwa dị okirikiri nke ogo 50-70 sentimita asatọ, n'etiti mkpụrụ nke mkpụrụ ise ruo iri, na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị nso karịa sentimita 10-15 n'etiti ibe ha.

    Maka ọdịbendị na-apụtakarị, anya dị n'etiti mkpụrụ mgbe ịgha mkpụrụ dị opekata mpe 10cm

  • N'elu ebe inine na-eme nri mgbe niile na ị ga-akụ, ị nwere ike ịfụcha ibu, na anya nke 7-10 centimeters n'etiti ahịrị na 5 centimeters n'etiti mkpụrụ n'usoro.
  • Ihe omimi nke uzo nkpuru n’ime ala sitere na 2-3 centimeters n’ogo loamy ruo 3-4 sentimita n’azọ aja dị mfe.
  • N'oge opupu ihe ubi, a ga-akpachapụ anya ma ghaanụ mkpụrụ osisi ga-apụta, na-ahapụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala sentimita 15-20 n’etiti osisi ndị ahụ.
  • N'ime oge a, mkpụrụ nke ahịhịa na-eto site na ata ah u mgbe niile, tọghe wara wara, ma mmiri adịghị, na-agba ya mmiri.
  • N'ebe ndịda, mkpụrụ osisi kachasị ike nwere ike ịdị njikere maka budding na ọkọchị mbụ, na ugwu nke a na-eme mgbe otu afọ gachara.

Isi ihe nke seedling na mkpụrụ ngwaahịa:

  • akpọ isi mgbọrọgwụ (ezigbo seedling kwesịkwara nwere mpụta mpụta mgbọrọgwụ zuru ezu);
  • njirimara gbagọrọ agbagọ na saịtị nke inoculation dị ntakịrị karịa olu a na-akụ (mkpụrụ na-eto eto n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ site na mgbọrọgwụ n'onwe ya - ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nnụnụ anụ ọhịa).

    Lingsmụ na mkpụrụ akụ nwere akụrụngwa isi ya na njiri mara ya na saịtị ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa

Adịghị ike clonal maka pel

Na mpaghara ndịda, iji nweta osisi dwarf, pears na-eji ụdị mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi dinta dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-akụ.

Enweghi ebe ahihia achara di iche-iche nke etiti na ugwu.

Osisi ube na ube bidoro adịghị elu karịa mita 3-4. Ndụ kachasị nke ube na esighi ike karịa afọ 20-40, mkpụrụ mbụ na-apụta na nke atọ - afọ nke anọ mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.

Seedlings na clone quince ngwaahịa nwere Onweghị mkpụrụokwu branched, fibrous mgbọrọgwụ usoro

Quince nwere usoro dị n’elu ala, yabụ, o nwere ike itolite na mpaghara mmiri nwere oke ala n’ime omimi 1 mita site n’elu ụwa. Ọ na - anabata nnu nnu nke ala, mana ọ naghị eto nke ọma na sọks carbonate nwere nnukwu ihe eji eme ihe. Quince bụ nnọọ photophilous ma kwesịrị mgbe nile ịgbara ya mmiri. N'ihi aka osisi ndị ahụ na-emighị emi, osisi ndị ahụ cha cha na-anyagidesi ike na quince chọrọ nkwado ọzọ, karịsịa na aja aja nwere ọkụ.

Yiri mkpụrụ osisi nke quince rootstocks maka pears (okpokoro)

AhaOgologo Osisi OgologoWinter hardiness nke ngwaahịaMpaghara ngwa
Angince Quince (Quince A)Ruo mita 3-4Dị ala (-7 ... -8 Celsius C)South Europe, ndịda Ukraine, subtropics nke Crimea na Caucasus
Ngwaahịa VA-29 (mmepụta okike nke quince proofed)Dị ala (ihe dị ka -15 Celsius C)Mpaghara ndịda na ndịda Ukraine, mpaghara ndịda Russia

Ọtụtụ ụdị ube anaghị emekọ ihe ike. Iji merie enweghi nghapu a, nkpuru di iche kwesiri ntukwasi obi (Kyure, Ilyinka, Bere Hardy, Bere Ardanpon) bu nke akuru na nkpuru osisi, nke ha bu ndi nkpuru ha choro inweta. Quince VA-29 dakọtara na ụdị ube ọzọ akọ akọ karịa ịkọ nkọ.

Quince seedlings na-adịghị dị ka rootstocks nke pears n'ihi na ha heterogeneity, ejighị n'aka ruo n'oge oyi hardiness na Ugboro ikpe nke incompatibility na scion.

Na-amalite ndị na-elekọta ubi n'etiti warara na-agbaghakarị ata quince ya na henomeles nwere oyi na-acha ọkụ (Japanese quince). Henomeles dị ka ngwaahịa maka ube adịghị mma. Mata ha di nfe:

  • Quince bụ obere osisi ma ọ bụ nnukwu ọhịa na-enweghị ogwu, nke nwere nnukwu akwụkwọ na nnukwu ifuru na-acha ọcha pinkish.
  • Henomeles bụ ahịhịa dị n'ọhịa nwere ọtụtụ ogwu, obere akwụkwọ osisi na okooko osisi na-acha ọbara ọbara.

Otu esi amata ezigbo quince si genomeles (foto osisi)

Olee otú na-eto a ngwaahịa dwarf maka ube

Thezọ kachasị ntụkwasị obi ma dị mma maka ịgbanye ngwaahịa klọọkụ quince bụ vetikal vetiiki. A na - enweta ha n'ụzọ dị otu a:

  • Amalite site na afọ nke abụọ mgbe ịghasịrị, a na-ebipụ bushes akpanwa na oge opupu ihe ubi, na-ahapụ stumps 3-5 cm dị elu.
  • Dika ome ndi putara site na ala nke oke ohia gha eto, a na-efesa ha oge obula site na ahihia mmiri ka ha ghasasosie ike n’ogologo 25-25 centimita.

    Iji vetikal n'ígwé Eriri akpa nwa na spud ụwa

  • N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ na-esote, a na-akụ bushes ahụ, a na-ejikwa nlezianya kewapụ alaka osisi ma kụọ ebe a na-akwalite ya.

    A na-akụ akụ ndị gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ebe a na-elekọta ụmụaka

Kwa afọ 3-4, bushes na uterine ga-enwe ezumike, na-ahapụ ha ka ha nwee ike itolite na-akụghị mkpụrụ.

Mgbe ngwaahịa dị njikere maka ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi yana kedu ka esi eme ya

A na-atụle ngwaahịa ahụ dị njikere maka grafting mgbe ogo nke 5-10 centimeters si na ala dị larịị (isi ihe ga - eme n'ọdịnihu) graf ya agaghị enwecha mkpịsị akwụkwọ.

Mgbe ị na-eto seedlings, a na-eji ụzọ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi abụọ rụọ ọrụ:

  • A na-emezi Cowling na ọkara nke abụọ nke oge ọkọchị. A na-eme mbe dị n ’T na mkpo ahịhịa, ebe a na-etinye obere mkpanaka osisi na peephole (akụrụ) site na mpempe aka ma tinye ya na eriri na-agbanwe.

    Okulirovanie - ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi mmiri na anya (akụrụ)

  • Iomi nzipuo n'isi opupu ihe ubi tupu emegheghe. A na-eme otu akụkụ oblique ahụ na ngwaahịa na scion, nke jikọtara ọnụ na ibe ya ma jiri teepu na-agbanwe.

    Copulation - mmiri grafting na cuttings

Akuko ebuka n'ihi na pears na onye na-amu amu ugbo

Na mgbakwunye na quince na ụdị osisi pears dị n'ọhịa, ndị na-elekọta ubi na-aga nke ọma na-akụ ụdị ube na-acha uhie uhie, aronia na chokeberry. N'oge ụfọdụ, ụdị cotoneaster na hawthorn na-ejikwa dị ka rootstocks maka pears, mana ozi banyere osisi ndị a na-emegide onwe ya, na ka ọ dị ugbu a enwere ọtụtụ ihe ịga nke ọma karịa ọdịda.

Ube na apụl rootstock

N'ụzọ megidere echiche na-ezighi ezi, ọ bụ ihe na-enweghị uru ọ bụla iji kọọ pel na okpueze osisi apụl toro eto, yana na mkpụrụ osisi apụl apụl na na apụl apụl dị iche iche (duseny na paradises dị iche iche, gụnyere ngwaahịa M9 a ma ama). Gba ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa mkpụrụ osisi apụl na osisi apụl na-agbanye mkpọrọgwụ n'ụzọ dị mfe, mana amịghị uto nkịtị, ma ya fọdụkwa mkpụrụ osisi, na n'ime afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, ha ga-anwụrịrị.

Photogallery nke osisi amateur pearstocks

Atụmatụ pụrụ iche nke ebuka amịrị maka pears (okpokoro)

AhaOfdị uto na nhaVaccine ogologo ndụWinter hardiness nke ngwaahịaUbe rootstock eto na-eto eto
Mountain uyi nkịtịOsisi ruru mita 5-12 dị elu10-20 afọ ma ọ bụ karịaNnukwu oke (ruo -40 ... -50 Celsius C)North-West na mpaghara etiti nke Russia, Ural, Siberia
Chokeberry (Aronia)Osisi gbasaa nke ukwuu ruo mita 2-3Ọgaghị karịa afọ 5-7Elu (ruo -30… -35 Celsius)
IrgaKwesiri igbo ruo 3-6 mita dị eluNnukwu oke (ruo -40 ... -50 Celsius C)

Mme ube nke ube nwere ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi dị otú ahụ anaghị enwe ike ịkatọ oge oyi nke ngwaahịa!

Mgbapụ na oge oyi na chokeberries na-agbadata ala maka oge oyi ma jiri nko na-ejigide ya n'oge oyi. Osisi na-eto eto nke ahịhịa ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-adị mfe ịgbada. N'ihi mmụkọ ezughị ezu nke mkpụrụ osisi ube na-ezughị ezu, ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ndị dị otú ahụ anaghị adịte aka, na afọ 5-7, ha ga-apụrịrị, mana enwere ike inweta mkpụrụ osisi ube mbụ n'ime afọ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke atọ mgbe ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ.

Ube a na-akpọ irga na chokeberry na-akụda ala maka oge oyi n'okpuru snow

Ube n’elu ugwu uyi na-acha ọbara ọbara ka nnọọ anwụ. A na-akụ ụdị ube ugwu Northern na ugwu ash ebe ha nwere ike too nke oma n'ihi ọnọdụ ihu igwe, mana ọ nweghị ụzọ isi chọta pears anụ ọhịa maka rootstocks.

Ugwu uyi, chokeberry na oporo choro oke ahihia na edoghi nke okpomoku na okpukpu nke 5.5-7.0. Mountain ash na chokeberry dị ezigbo mma na enweghị ike iguzo nso (nso karịa mita 1.5-2 site na mbara ụwa) mmiri dị n'ime ala. Igga nwere usoro gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n’elu ala ma nwee ike itolite na mmiri n’ime ala 1 mita site na ala ahụ. N’onwe ya, ihe oporo ahụ na-anabataghị ihe ndozi, mana iji ya dịka mkpụrụ osisi ube, a gha akụ ya n’ebe a na-amị ọkụ nke ọma; n’egede, ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi anaghị agba nke ọma ma ghara ịmị mkpụrụ.

Nna m ochie nwalere ịgba ọgwụ nje + na osisi na-eto eto nke ahịhịa ndụ ọhịa topụtara n ’ọhịa dị nso. Ọgwụ ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ nke ọma, mana, ọ bụ ihe nwute, n'ihi enweghị oghere dị na saịtị ahụ, a rụrụ nnwale ahụ na ndò nke nnukwu osisi apụl, yabụ anyị echeghị pears na ugwu uyi. Ma osisi toro eto n’onwe ha nọ na shading siri ike ihe karịrị afọ iri na abụọ, na-enye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ibu ma ọ bụ alaka akụkụ.

Enwere ike toro Rowan, chokeberry na quail site na mkpụrụ. A na-amịpụta ha site na mkpụrụ osisi zuru ezu (nwa amị mkpụrụ na July - August, ugwu uyi na chokeberry na Septemba - Ọktọba), na-asa, a mịrị amị na echekwara na akpa akwụkwọ ruo mgbe agha. Teknụzụ maka itolite mkpuru-ha yiri eto nke ube na-eto eto, ma omimi ebe mkpụrụ ahụ dị bụ 1-2 sentimita.

Mkpụrụ Irgu na chokeberry nwekwara ike ịgbasa site na mkpụrụ mgbọrọgwụ nke na-apụta n'akụkụ bushes. A na-elezi ha nke ọma gwuru na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi ma na-ebugharị ya gaa ebe na-adịgide adịgide. You nwere ike ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi n’afọ na-esochi mgbe ọ gbasasịrị.

A na-atụ aro ịhapụ alaka 2-3 na-enweghị mgbochi na ọhịa ọ bụla ka osisi ahụ ghara ịnwụchu ọnwụ.

Nyocha

Ulo di iche iche nke TSHA ube - Chizhovskaya, Lada, Moskvichka na-ejikota ahihia oke ohia. Nwere ike ịnwale ụdị ndị ọzọ. Irgba mmiri ugba dị ugwu dị mkpa; ma ọ bụghị, ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi anaghị eto nke ọma na ụkọ mmiri, ala mmiri nke rowan tomato ma na-eto n'ọnọdụ mmiri adịghị mma.

irisovi duh

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Enwere m ube Quere na quince, ọ bụghị osisi mara mma ma na-arụpụta ihe.

Mepụta

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Osisi apụl, dị ka ngwaahịa, na-anabata ọtụtụ ụdị pears. Gba ọgwụ mgbochi mmiri nke ube na mkpụrụ osisi apụl n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nwere ike inye uto ihe karịrị otu mita, site na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ọ bụla site na August, ị nwere ike iwe karịa mkpụrụ osisi iri na abụọ maka ịmị mkpụrụ n'ezie. O mere ụdị ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi ndị ahụ naanị maka oke nke ihe dị iche iche, n'ihi enweghị oge nke enweghị oke mkpụrụ akụ. Mgbe foduru imewe ahụ, apụl ube, na-abụkarị n'afọ nke abụọ, na-amalite idobe alaka ndị ahụ, na nke atọ ha tozuru oke. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke anọ, isi ube na-adịkarịghị eteta.

ihe nkwado

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Nhọrọ dị mma maka ngwaahịa kwesịrị ekwesị bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa maka ịtọ mkpụrụ orchard. Otutu ahihia achoro achoro nke pears na enyere gi aka itolita nkpuru osisi ma nweta nkpuru nke nkpuru osisi di uto na mpaghara obula ma ewezuga north north.