Ọrịa nke sunflower, yana pests, na-akpata nnukwu mmebi nke aku na uba. N'ihi ọrịa nke sunflower, mkpụrụ na-ebelata ọtụtụ ugboro ma ọ bụ ịgha mkpụrụ nile nwere ike ịla n'iyi. Ya mere, ihe ọmụma ga - enyere aka ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọrịa ndị dị na sunflower ma mara usoro iji merie ha dị mkpa mgbe ị na - eto eto.
Ọ dị mkpa! Ọrịa kachasị dị ize ndụ nke sunflower bụ powdery mildew (karịsịa maka seedlings), broomrape, fom.
Otu esi gwọọ olulu si na ire ere
Ngwurugwu na-acha uhie uhie - nke a bụ mgbe sunflower stalk rots kpamkpam si na ala ruo n'elu. Ọrịa a ga-ekwe omume n'oge ọ bụla nke mmepe - site na nke ọhụrụ na-epulite na-acha ọkụ ọkụ sunflower. Iru mmiri na-atụnye aka na mmepe nke ọrịa ahụ, n'ihi na ọrịa ahụ bụ ntụpọ, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mkpuru ndụ niile (mana e nwere ndị ọzọ) hụrụ mmiri n'anya. Na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, a na-ekpuchi osisi ahụ na-acha odo odo, nke na-emesị ghọọ ọchịchịrị ọchịchịrị, mgbe ahụ, sclerotia (oke ebe) nke agba ojii na-apụta n'elu. N'okwu a, akụkụ kachasị elu na-eme ka akọrọ na-ada na steam, ndị elu ahụ na-amalitekwa ịchọrọ.
Mwakpo nke mycosis na owuwe ihe ubi na-agafe na okpu ya ma na-eji nlezianya na-acha ntụ ntụ na nkata, na mgbe 8-12 ụbọchị sclerotia dị na osisi. Usoro nchịkwa megide rotting: ịnọgide na-agbanwe ihe ọkụkụ na igbochi mmebi site na mgbakwasa tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na TMTD na pasent 80%. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-emepụta ọgwụ ndị na-akpata ihe ọkụkụ mgbe a mụsịrị germination tupu tupu ntozu okè na ogige ndị a: Vesuvius, Glyphos ibu, Dominator, Clinic Duo, Chistopol, wdg.
Ngwọrọgwụ ọcha na-acha ọcha na sunflower
Sunflower na-arịa ọrịa nke ọ bụla ọ bụla nke ibu. A maara ọrịa ahụ site na ịmepụta ihe na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha na akụkụ nke ala nke mgbọrọgwụ na mgbọrọgwụ, ebe ndị ahụ emetụtara wee ghọọ aja aja-agba aja aja na agba.
Ngwurugwu na mgbọrọgwụ na-eme ka ọ dị nro, na-agbaji, akwụkwọ ahụ na-apụ n'anya, anyanwụ na-anwụ anwụ. Ma, o nwere ike imetụta naanị mkpịsị na-enweghị mgbọrọgwụ - na nke a, ire ere na-ehichapụ n'etiti etiti ahụ, nke ahụ na-agbawa n'etiti. Ụdị na-acha ọcha ọcha kachasị mma bụ mgbe ọrịa ahụ na-etolite n'ọtụtụ na-eto eto nke sunflower. Mgbe ahụ, a na-etinye ihe ndị na-acha uhie uhie na nkata ahụ, kpuchie ya na owu na-acha ọcha dị ka oge ntoju na nhazi sclerotia. Na mgbe oge na-aga, mkpụrụ osisi ahụ daa, kama ọ bụ nkata e nwere ụzọ dị iche iche dị na ụda.
A dịghị eme ọgwụgwọ, a na-ebibi osisi ndị emetụta. Ma ihe kachasị dị irè iji merie ire ere ọcha - igbochi ya. Maka nke a, ihe agrotechnique niile na-eto eto na-eto eto, ihe mgbakwasị mkpụrụ tupu ịgha mkpụrụ na ịgha mkpụrụ dị ka osisi na-eto eto na otu ihe ndị a na-ahụ maka ire ere.
Ụzọ na-emeso broomrape na sunflower
Sunflower contagion (top) bụ ịgha mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ, nke sitere na nke nje ndị ahụ-ahịhịa na-ebibi sunflower, na-ewepụ ihe oriri na mmiri si na ya.
A na - akọ ọrịa a nke sunflower, dịka broomrape, ịgha mkpụrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị na sunflower na ọdịdị nke haustoria - usoro n'ụdị eri nke na - esi na osisi ahụ na - eri kama ọ bụ ihe ịnweta na ihe oriri na - eme ka ọ bụrụ ya. Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ broomrape - kụrụ ihe ọkụkụ na-esote sunflower nke na-adịghị echebara ahịhịa-parasaiti - ọka, soybeans, flax na ịgha mkpụrụ sunflower iche ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ahịhịa parasitic. Nke a na-enyere aka izere ọrịa nke mgbọrọgwụ nke sunflower.
Ị ma? Ihe dịgasị iche iche Arakar, Belgrade, Jazi, Dniester, Emperor, Leila, Neom, Sanay, Tristan, Ihe Odide, Khortytsia na-eguzogide ọgwụ na broomrape.
Nakwa ihe ndị dị irè megide broomrape bụ ọdịdị nke phytomiza, nke akụkụ ya na-eri mkpụrụ osisi broomrape nke a na-ewepụta kpọmkwem na ogbooko osisi parasaiti.
Downy mildew
Sunflower mildew, onye na-eme ka ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ ero, anaghị eme ka osisi ghara ịba ụba. Ihe kariri bu uzo powdery powdery mildew nke sunflower, nke ihe ojoo ghoro kwa. Ọrịa ahụ na-eme ma mmalite na oge ngwụsị nke mmepe nke sunflower. N'okwu mbụ, nke a bụ oge nke abụọ ụzọ abụọ nke mmepe nke ezigbo epupụta nke osisi, ihe ịrịba ama ga-abụkwa ndị a: a na-etinye ya na ogologo ya n'ogo ya, nke dị n'akụkụ elu bụ nke nwere mpempe ọcha na-acha ọcha, na n'elu akụkụ nwere ike ịnwe ahihia greenish.
Ndị na-eto eto na-anwụ anwụ, ma ọ bụ na-etolite n'okpuru nkata enweghị mkpụrụ. N'ọgwụgwụ oge, enwere ntụpọ ọcha n'elu akwụkwọ dị n'okpuru ma aja aja na-acha aja aja n'elu, osisi ahụ na-ehichapụ n'ime ya bụ beige-brownish (kama ịcha ọcha), n'enweghị ndo na-ahụ anya nke stalk na ọnya nke nkata.
Ị ma? Mmiri ihu igwe na-ezo, ngwa ngwa ma bukwuo ibu mgbasa nke powdery mildew, onye na-ahụ maka mmiri ọkụ na-achọ mmiri ma mee ka esemokwu ọhụrụ pụta. Sunflower na-emetụta karịsịa ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụrụ na ikuku okpomọkụ na-tụleekwa + 16-17 Celsius C.
Enweghị ọgwụgwọ dịka nke a. Ọ bụrụ na anyanwụ na-agbapụtaghị kpamkpam, mgbe ahụ ndị agrofungicides - ọkọlọtọ Alpha, Amistar-extra, Dezal, Derozal, Carbezim, Ultrasil-duo, Efatol, na-eji maka powdery mildew - ga-egbochi mmepe nke mycosis. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya iji mepụta mgbochi mgbe ị na-akụ mkpụrụ (ọgwụgwọ fungal) ma jiri sunflower iche na ụba na-eguzogide causative gị n'ụlọnga nke downy mildew.
Otu esi gwọta sunflower si na
Sunflower fomoz bụkwa ọrịa mycotic, nke ọdịdị acha ọbara ọbara na agba aja aja na agba aja aja na-acha odo odo na agba. Na-emekarị nke a na-eme na pasent 3-5 nke ezigbo akwụkwọ, ma osisi ahụ nwere ike ịrịa ọrịa n'oge ọ bụla.
N'ikpeazụ, a na-emetụta akwukwo dum, ọ na-ada ma na-akpa, na mmeri ahụ na-aga na steam. Na mbụ, akụkụ ụfọdụ nke osisi ahụ na-emetụta ebe a na-etinye akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, mgbe ahụ, ntụpọ gbasaa, jikọta, na ogwe osisi ahụ dum na-acha aja aja-agba aja aja ma ọ bụ ọbụna oji. Ọrịa ahụ na-agagharị na nkata, na-emetụta ya na mkpụrụ ya.
Mgbochi ndị na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma - na-atụgharị na ọgwụ ndị dị irè n'oge oge na-eto eto (Impact-K, Derozal, wdg), nrube isi na ntụgharị ihe ọkụkụ na usoro agrotechnique, na-echebara ihe ọkụkụ ndị gara aga.
Ị ma? Oge na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ site na mmiri ọkụ nke anyanwụ. Ọrịa ahụ na-efunahụ ikike ịmụba na okpomọkụ n'elu + 31 Celsius.
Fomopsis sunflower
Sunflower Fomopsis ma ọ bụ Grey Spotting - A ọrịa fungal nke epupụta, ị ga, nkata na mkpụrụ osisi. Ọrịa na-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo na-acha odo odo na osisi na stalks nke sunflower. Mgbe obere oge gasịrị, epupụta nke osisi na-akpọnwụ, wilt na curl, na stalks na ebe rotting ezumike. Site na mmeri nke nkata nkata bụ isi awọ na agba ọkara.
Mwakpo megide fomopsis - nrube iwu nke nhazi ihe ọkụkụ na ntanikarị mkpụrụ na fungicides tupu ịgha mkpụrụ na nhazi nke sunflower n'ọhịa na ohia ahịhịa (mmemme ndị ahụ dị ka fomose).
Bacteriosis ị ga
Nke a bụ ọrịa na-acha ọkụ ọkụ nke nwere ike ịzụlite n'oge ọ bụla nke oge na-eto eto, ma dabere na oge na-eto eto, ihe ịrịba ama dị iche iche ga-apụta. N'elu ogugu ise nke akwukwo abuo, a na-emeghariri ya, kpogharia ma na-eme ka a mara ikpere ikuku, ya na akwukwo na-agba aja aja, gbanyo ma kpoo. A na - eji ụdọ na - acha aja aja nke na - esite na nkata na 10-12 cm gbadata, na mgbọrọgwụ ya na - agbawa ntakịrị ka e mesịrị, ebe ọ na - emeghe. Okpokoro isi bụ agba aja aja aja. Nkuku n'onwe ya na-adigide, wilts, ka akwukwo ahụ nọgidere na-acha, na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ ma na-enweghị ihe ịrịba ama nke wilting.
Ihe ndị a ga - eme iji lụsoo bacteriosis akpọnwụ dị ka ndị a: a na - efopụ ọkụ ma na - ere ọkụ mgbe niile na - enyocha ihe ọkụkụ na -
Ọ dị mkpa! Otu sunflower na-efe efe na-agba gburugburu 4-5 mita gburugburu osisi ahụike. Ọkụ ozugbo - n'ọhịa, site n'ọhịa, agbanyụrụ sunflower amachibidoro ịpụ, n'ihi na bacteriosis nwere ike imetụta ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ọgwụgwọ septoria
Septoria ma ọ bụ aja aja na-acha aja aja bụ mycosis nwere ike ịzụlite na ọkwa dị iche iche nke uto. Site na mmeri nke ero a na-acha odo odo, ma na-acha aja aja na-acha aja aja na nwa ehi, nke gbara gburugburu na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. N'ikpeazụ, a na-ekpuchi akwụkwọ ndị ahụ metụtara ya na oghere ntụpọ na oghere - ebe ndị akpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ dabara adaba.
Agha megide septoria bụ igbochi ọrịa ahụ, ya bụ spraying nke sunflower n'oge na-eto eto oge na agrofungicides (Acanto tinyere, wdg), n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ owuwe ihe ubi nke ihe ubi residues na nkwanye ùgwù maka akuku ntụgharị.
Oghere ojii na sunflower
Ebe ntụpọ ma ọ bụ ịchọta - ntụpọ nke ọrịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ, steam, na mgbe ụfọdụ, nkata sunflower. A na - emetụta osisi na - eto eto mgbe ọ na - esite na 2-5 epupụta, mana ụda mmiri ndị na - acha ọkụrị na - arịakwa ọrịa. Ọrịa ahụ na-efe efe, mgbe a na-achọpụtakwa ya na mba ndị ọzọ, a na-ewebatarantaini. Ihe ngosi nke nyocha: nwa ojii na / ma ọ bụ agba aja aja gbara gburugburu ma ọ bụ elliptical spots ma ọ bụ obere obere strok (ọnyá), na-akpagharị n'akụkụ n'akụkụ nke epupụta na-aga n'etiti, na necrotic cracks na-etolite na akpati na tụrụ.
Agha megide ntụpọ ojii bụ ịgwọ mkpụrụ tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, ịkwado ọrụ ugbo na akuku ihe ọkụkụ nke sunflower.
Sunflower altenaria
Ọrịa ụbụrụ nke sunflower, nke njedebe nke akwụkwọ ndụ, ịkpụ, nkata. N'akụkụ niile nke sunflower, ọ na-egosi na graphite na-acha akwụkwọ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, dị iche iche n'ịdị elu. Ọzọkwa, ntụcha ahụ na-aghọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na -eme mkpuchi agba ntụ ma ọ bụ graphite. Na-alụ ọgụ megide altenariosis - ọgwụgwọ na agrofungicides na-eto eto nke sunflower kụrụ na-asọpụrụ maka akuku ntụgharị.
Akpa nkata
Nke a bụ ọrịa fungal nke nkata sunflower. E nwere ụdị okpukpu abụọ - pink na aja aja, nke ọzọ, site na agba nke ebu. Egwu na agba aja aja na nrịgharị pink na-apụta, dị ka a na-achị, na mmalite ma ọ bụ n'etiti etiti ọkụ. Mgbe nchara nchara nchara na nkata, ebe a na-agba aja aja na-agbada site n'okpuru mana nke si n'elu pụta. 
Mkpụrụ ndị na-edozi ala, nke na-anọgidesi ike na nke nwere nkwekorita, nwere ike ịdaba na nkata. N'ihe na-acha ire ọkụ, ihe niile bụ otu, naanị ọnya ahụ na-amalite site na osisi n'onwe ya wee banye n'ime nkata ahụ, ụcha nke ebe ahụ dị ọcha na mbụ ma pink.
Nri ire ere na-achịkwa: ime nlezianya nke iwu nke nhazi ihe ọkụkụ, mgbakwasa mkpụrụ, na-atụgharị ubi na-egbu egbu dị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto.
Nchebe bara uru nke sunflower site na ọrịa kwesịrị ịrụchaghị, ma kachasị mkpa, ka oge na-aga, ọ dị mfe ma dị ọnụ ala maka ugbo ọ bụla.
