Gladioli na-akụ ma na-eto

Gladiolus, ma ọ bụghị ya, a na-akpọ ya fennel, bụ obere osisi na-agba agba mmiri na-etolite na Europe, Eshia na Africa. Speciesfọdụ ụdị sitere na Siberia. N'ihi njiri mara akwụkwọ ya, a na-akpọ okooko osisi "Gladius", nke a si na Latin sụgharịa dị ka "mma agha".

Njirimara nke Gladiolus

Nke mbụ nke tuber buds pupụtara epupụta. Flat, kwuru, ha na-emechi, na-agbakwunye kwụsie ike na peduncle. Osisi ahụ na-eto n’elu stem kwụ ọtọ, nke a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa. Site na bọlbụ okenye, 2-3 peduncles nwere ike ịpụta. Lolọ inflorescence nwere ụdị, dị ka ihe dịgasị iche, otu, otu akụkụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ. Na ịdị elu, ubi gladioli ụfọdụ iche nwere ike iru 2 m.

Mkpụrụ nke gladioli chara n'onwe n'igbe a kụrụ.

Gladioli: odikwa n’elu ahihia

Ewu ewu dị iche iche

Ihe karịrị 5000 dị iche iche nke ubi gladioli kwa afọ ejupụtakwa na ụdị ọhụrụ. Usoro nhazi ọkwa mba ofesi na-enye ozi zuru oke gbasara ụdị dị iche iche.

Dabere na dayameta nke ifuru, gladioli kewara:

• mini mini (ihe ruru 6.5 cm);
• obere (6.5-9 cm);
• ọkara - (9-11.5 cm);
• nnukwu - (11.5-14 cm);
• nnukwu - (karịrị 14 cm).

Navignyagharịa otú e si akụ gladiolus site na oge okooko, iche na-ekewa:

• mmalite (June)
• ọkara (July),
• mbubreyo (August - Septemba).

Gladioli nwere ike ibu uzo:

• ewepụghị adịghị corrugated;
• dụkota;
• super-corrugated.

Agba dịgasị iche iche dịkwa iche iche:

• pink na ndò ya nwere otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ụdị (Innosens, Pink na Spen, Invitate, Rose Spire);
• ọcha (Ave Maria, Apostle Peter, Baltays Rits);
• acha ọbara ọbara (Robin, Melody, Georgette);
• oroma salmon (Serafin, Freezel Coral Leys, Airlie Highlight);
• edo edo (Leonora, Joyce);
• lilac (Costa, Lavender Masterpis, Vera, Lynn, Elizabeth the Quinn, Imposant);
• odo odo (Faro, Astro, Ime Anwansi, Osimiri Blue);
• burgundy (Royal Stewart, Dark Brilliance, King De Vid);
• odo (bulu na nnụnụ, ihe ịchọ mma);
• aja aja dị nro ((lọ Chocolate, Amigo, Satin Grand, Bison, Velvet Night);
• akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (Bambi, Green Woodpecker, Green Ice, Peacock Feather, edemede nke Oge opupu ihe ubi);
• Ink acha anụnụ anụnụ (Belle de Noir, violetta).

Gwakọta Mmiri

Iche nke agba nke gladioli na-enye ohere maka ọrụ ozuzu. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị dị iche iche na-ejikọ ọ bụghị naanị ezigbo agba nke agba, kamakwa iche na ọnya na ọnya na akpịrị. Ndị na-azụ anụ na-achọkwa ụzọ ha ga-esi kee ụdị acha anụnụ anụnụ dị ọcha.

Ofdị mmeputakwa nke gladioli

Nwere ike ịgbasa ụdị gladiolus dị ka mkpụrụ site na ịgha mkpụrụ tubers, nkerisi corms, mkpụrụ na seedlings.

Osisi

Ndị na - azụ ụmụ na - eji usoro a nweta ụdị ọhụrụ. Okooko osisi nke toro site na mkpụrụ nwere ike iketa ụdị nke osisi nne na nna nwere. A na-akụ mkpụrụ ọghachị na njedebe nke oge oyi na griin haus.

Etu esi akụ osisi:

1. A na-etinye mkpụrụ dị na nsị nke sodium humate solution (0.01%) maka awa 2-3.
2. Maka iji ala: humus 2/3, akwa ájá 1/3.
3. Site na mmalite nke oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-eburu arịa ndị nwere mkpụrụ osisi gaa griin haus ma ọ bụ ubi (mepere emepe yana akpa).

Tuber buds

Site na ọnụọgụ nke tuber buds na-emepụta n'oge oge, ụdị dịgasị iche iche. Formfọdụ na-etolite ruo narị narị ụmụaka ma ọ bụ karịa (Pink Harmony, Fireball), ebe ndị ọzọ site n'ọdịda na-ewepụta naanị mkpụrụ osisi 10-15 (Oscars) afọ kwa afọ.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ na nha nke tubers dabere na ọnọdụ:

• ọnọdụ ọnọdụ okpomọkụ;
• ala mmiri;
• oge nke oge ọkọchị.

Varietiesdị ndị mbụ nwere nnukwu nwa, ebe ndị nke ikpeazụ bụ obere.

Ná nkezi, ụzarị nke tuber etolite ruo ọnwa atọ, na-adabakọ na oge ya. Separatedmụaka tozuru oke na-ekewapụ nke ọma site na nne nwa. N'ihi na akuku, ha na-ota site na nke. Nnukwu (1-2 cm) nwere ike ito n'isi mmalite, na ndị pere mpe naanị mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị.

Nwere ike ịgbasa ụdị ngwa ngwa site na ịgha mkpụrụ buru ibu na ite ma ọ bụ igbe na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi. Dịka mkpụrụ, a na-eburu ha gaa griin haus mgbe iwere ọkụ ma ọ bụ itinye ya n'ogige a na-ahụkarị. N'ihi ya, ahịhịa na-eto eto na -enwekwu oge maka ahịhịa ma jikwaa ịkpụzi bọta. Nwere ike ji mee ihe maka germination nke ụmụaka:

• akụwa peat-humus;
• peat briquettes;
• nsen.

Usoro a ga - eme ka ịghaghasị ahịhịa n'ime ala n'emerụghị mgbọrọgwụ ya.

Mkpụrụ

Enwere ike inweta Gladiolus seedlings site na mkpuru osisi. Iji mee nke a, ahọtara ihe opupu ihe na-adịghị, karịa 15-16 cm, ma tinye ya na mmiri maka ịgba. Ihe na-eme ihe ọkụkụ na-etolite na ájá osimiri nke nnukwu akụkụ dị n'okpuru fim na griin haus. Mgbanye osisi ahụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ nwere ike ịme ka inflorescence na corms nke nnọchi.

Iwu bụ isi maka na-eto eto gladioli

O siri ike itolite okooko osisi, nke nyere iwu nke teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo.

Nhọrọ oche

Gladiolus chọrọ ezigbo ọkụ, ala nwere ahịhịa na nchebe site na ikuku.

Maka ịkọ ihe, họrọ ebe nwere obere mkpọda (50 Celsius) nke dị na ndịda ebe ahụ, nke a ga-eme ka ịghara ịhapụ oke mmiri ma nweta okpomọkụ ọzọ na corms.

Ọdịmma White

Kedu mgbe m ga-akụ

Nwere ike ịkụ gladioli mgbe ala ahụ dị elu ruo 10 Celsius C, ụdọ ụdọ na-adịghị edozi ahụ na-adị mma ma na 5-6 Celsius. Ọ bụrụ na a kụọ ya na mbụ, corms agaghị enwe ike ịgha mkpụrụ, ọ bụrụ na mmiri dị ugbu a, ha nwere ike ịnwụ. Maka Midland, enwere nkwanye - iji kọọ gladioli site n'afọ iri gara aga nke Eprel ruo afọ iri nke abụọ nke Mee. N'ime ite osisi ma ọ bụ akpa, enwere ike ịgba ifuru site na njedebe nke February.

Kedu omimi nke akwa

Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọtụtụ bọmbụ, mgbe ahụ ndụmọdụ kachasị mma bụ ime akwa. N'iburu obosara nke 1-1.2 m, ọ ka adaba ilekọta osisi. N'ime ogologo nke akwa ahụ, ọ na-achọsi ike ịhazi site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ mkpọda ahụ. Ahịrị nke ọma ka a na-edokwasị ahịhịa ndị dị n’elu akwa. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị mkpa ka a kụọ gladioli n'ọtụtụ nha, usoro a ga-eme ka okooko osisi nweta ọkụ elekere, ala dị n’etiti ahịrị ahụ na-agbanyekwa nhatanha.

A na-ekpebi omimi nke omimi dabere nha nke tuber:

• buru ibu (1 cm na ndị ọzọ) bụ 4-5 cm liri;
• ọkara (0.5-2 cm) omimi site na 3-4 cm;
• ndi pere mpe (rue 0,5 cm) kpuchie ya na ala nke ihe kariri 2-2.5 cm.

A na-agbakọọ ogologo nke ahiri dabere na ọnụọgụ nke tubers:

• 40 pcs. / 1 ​​m buru ibu - ebe dị anya n'agbata ahịrị bụ 25-30 cm;
• 70 pcs / 1 m pere mpe - ebe dị anya n'agbata ahịrị bụ 15 cm.

Kụnye ahihia n’olulu

Plantgha mkpụrụ nke corm, nhicha ya na ọgwụgwọ ya na-enye aka na oge mbido (ruo otu izu) ma bulie ọgụ nke osisi.

Pkwadebe bulbs maka ịkụ ihe

Tupu ịtọpụta gladioli, a na-asachapụ asusu ahụ nke ọma, na-akpachara anya ka ọ ghara imebi puo na-apụta Rotten, nke onye ero mebiri ma ju kwa ya.

Enwere ike ịchekwa yabasị bara uru ma ọ bụrụ na mmebi ahụ dị ntakịrị. A na-ahụpụ anụ ahụ na-arịa ọrịa na-esochi, na-esochi ịnya isi nke potassium permanganate ma ọ bụ na-eji carbon carbon eme ka ọ rụọ.

Maka mgbochi nke ọrịa fungal, a na-edozi ihe ọkụkụ:

• potassium permanganate;
• succinic acid;
• humate na sodium.

Akuku corms

Prekwadebe ala maka ịkọ

Okooko osisi ga-enwe mma kachasị mma na obere ala acid loamy, aja aja loamy ma ọ bụ n'usoro chernozem. Ọ dị mkpa ịkwadebere ebe ọdịda. Iji mee nke a, gwuo ala ma mee humus, nri. Ifuru ahụ na-eto nke ọma mgbe a kụrụ ahịhịa, akwụkwọ nri nri na ọka.

Nlekọta Gladiolus

Gladioli na-anabata nlekọta. Ihu ahihia ma ghaa ahihia, weedsgha ahihia, iji ya mee ihe ga - enyere gi aka inweta ahihia di nma ma gha eme ihe oma.

.Gbara mmiri

Ọ dị mkpa ịgbara ihe ọkụkụ ahụ mmiri nke ukwuu (10-15 l / 1 m so) ka mmiri wee rute mkpọrọgwụ, nke na-edina ala omimi nke 40 cm. These akwa kwa ụbọchị 10 n'etiti ahịrị ka mmiri wee ghara ịda na epupụta. Mgbe nke ahụ gasị, ọ dị mkpa ịtọghe ala ka sọlfọ guzobere na ọkụ anaghị egbochi ohere ịnweta ikuku.

Ahihia

Ahịhịa ahịhịa dị ka ọ na-agafe agafe, kwa izu 3-4. Ahịhịa kpuchiri ahịhịa, slugs na-amụba ngwa ngwa; enweghi nke ikuku na-eduga na mmepe nke ọrịa fungal.

Raygbaa

Iji mee ka ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo mma, ka ọ na-eto uto nke tuber, a na-eme nri foliar kwa izu 2-3. Fesa ifuru na igwe ojii, ihu igwe dị jụụ ma ọ bụ na mgbede. N'inye ntọala nke Gladiolus, a na-agbakwunye ncha maka nkwụchi na edozi ahụ ma fesaa akụkụ abụọ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ.

N'otu oge ahụ, ha na-efesa elu ahụ mgbe ọdịdị nke 3-4 gasịrị, na-agba ọgwụ mmiri iji gbochie ọrịa.

Usoro eji egwu

Garter

Iji gbochie curvature, a ga-ekekọta ihe ọkụkụ ozugbo na ndọtị nke peduncles. Ọ bụrụ na emere ihe ọkụkụ n’ahịrị, a na-etinye ya n’akụkụ ọnụ ụzọ ahụ, a na-adọbi eriri n’etiti ha, na-akwado ifuru ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ tinye nnukwu netwọk plastik na-etinyere n ’elu ihe dịka 1 m, na-eduzi ahịhịa ifuru n’etiti mkpụrụ ndụ.

Hilling osisi 10 cm dị elu nwere ike dochie garter nke gladioli dị ala. Mee usoro ahụ na ọdịdị nke 4-5 akwa.

Uwe elu

N'oge ọkọride, osisi ahụ chọrọ akwa akwa iji nweta ihe ndị dị mkpa, micro na macro ọcha. Ofdị fatịlaịza:

• A na-eme nitrogenous na ọdịdị nke ezi ezi 2-3;
• A na-eme phosphorus nitrogen-potassium mgbe akwụkwọ 5-6 pụtara;
• A na-eme ihe eji eme ihe na potassium site na mpụta nke buds na peduncle.

Ọ ka arụ ọrụ karịa iwebata ihe ndị dị n’ime ala n’ụba mmiri, a na-etinye ha ọsọ ọsọ site na sistemụ mgbọrọgwụ. Tupu usoro a ga - amalite tupu mmiri emee ya, a ga-awụsa ala ya mmiri.

Flowerskpụ ifuru

Kewaa ifuru ka nma n’isi ututu ma obu mgbe ututu putara na agba n’isi 1-2, oghe nke oghe mbu, ma oburu n’ejikere iga. Tingchapu peduncle, ọ dị mkpa ịhapụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala akwụkwọ anọ, ha dị mkpa maka maturation nke corms.

Ọ dị mkpa iji mma dị nkọ bepụ inflorescence, na-akpachara anya ka ọ ghara imebi epupụta.

Nsogbu enwere ike na-etolite

Na usoro na-eto eto gladioli, onye na-elekọta ubi nwere ike ị nweta ihe dị ka ụdị ọrịa 15 nke fungal na viral. Ihe karịrị ụdị 55 nke ọrịa nje ndị na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ na-akụ ahịhịa. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume iwepu egwu kpamkpam; dịka mgbochi, a na-atụ aro nlekọta kwesịrị ekwesị na nhọrọ nke ụdị iche iche.

Ehihie anwụ

Pests

Egwu a na-ahụkarị na mba ọ bụla:

• mẹkpoo;
• okpukpu kabeji;
• bea;
• mpekere mite;
• wireworm;
• slugs.

Ọrịa

Mara otu esi elekọta gladioli nke ọma n’ọhịa ga - ezere ọtụtụ ọrịa na nje. Mmeputakwa oria a na-eme n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọjọọ na ala. Akụkụ osisi ndị dị iche iche wakporo akụkụ nke osisi ahụ:

• Fusarium akọrọ ire ere;
• sclerotiniosis;
• botritiosis;
• aja aja obi ire ere;
• Septoria;
• penisilini ire ere nke corms.

Ọrịa na-efe efe nke ifuru nwere ike ibibi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke osisi n'ihi ọsọ nke mgbasa. Plagha na ilekọta gladioli n'ọhịa gụrụ gụnyere mgbochi nke ọrịa nje na fungal:

• spraying na fungicides n'oge na-eto eto;
• nnabata na ọnọdụ nchekwa;
• ihe nhazi tupu ịgha mkpụrụ.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke nlekọta na-ekwesịghị ekwesị

A na-egosipụta njiri nke ahịhịa dysfunctional n'ọdịdị ya:

• mmebi nke akwụkwọ na peduncle;
• agba agba akwụkwọ na-agbanwe;
• ọdịdị ntụpọ, toro ifuru;
• ngwa ngwa uto nke osisi, ụfọdụ nwere ike isi ike ịkụ.

Nlekọta aka ike maka gladioli ga-enye ohere maka okooko osisi zuru oke, nke enyi. Nyere ndi iche iche di iche iche, enwere ike ịgbatị ya rue onwa abuo. Akọwa etu esi eme nke a n’elu.