Medlar (Lokva) Sesek ma ọ bụ Eriobotria bụ osisi mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị atụ nke sitere na ezinụlọ Rosaceae, subfamily Apple. Emere ya na Russian Federation na narị afọ nke 19; na uwa ọ na-eto na mkpọda ugwu. Mpaghara nkesa - Southheast Asia, Himalayas, Mediterranean, Caucasus, Crimea, China, Japan, Europe. Mkpụrụ ya dị okirikiri, nke udara nwere ụtọ nke apụl, aprịkọt ma ọ bụ ahịhịa. Ghichaa nkpuru osisi medlar raw na esi nri jam, jellies. A naghị echekwa ha ogologo oge, adịghị mma maka mbupụ.
Nkọwapụta na atụmatụ nke medlar
Medlar na-eto ruo 8 m na okike, ubi - 3 m, n'ime - 1.5 m. Ọ na-agbazi ọcha ma ọ bụ ude, inflorescences na-anụ ụtọ nke ukwuu ma na-enwe ọ longụ ogologo oge n'ọdịdị ha. Ejiri okpueze siri ike kpuchie akpati ahụ, Ome dị oke ọnụ, ụdị ọdịbendị enweghị ha. A na-eji agbanye mkpọrọgwụ, na nso ala. Na-ahapụ elu ruo 12 cm ogologo na 6 cm n'obosara, nke a kapịrị ọnụ, nke siri ike, na obere petioles na veins gbara ọchịchịrị. Si n'okpuru ha bụ pubescent, site n'elu nke onwunwu, ọchịchịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.
A na-anọchi anya uru ya site na mkpụrụ osisi na-agba mmiri (n'ime mkpụrụ 3-5), nke anakọtara na ụyọkọ nke plọm. Ortọ dị ụtọ ma ọ bụ nke na-atọ ụtọ, dabere na ogo nke itịpụta ahịhịa. Osisi ahụ dị ndụ afọ iri anọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Medlar na-eto n’ụlọ n’ime nnukwu ite ifuru, ebe nchekwa ahihia, na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.
Ofdị Medlar
Naanị ụdị atọ ka agụọ. N'ime ugbo, a na - eji abụọ - Japanese na German (Caucasian).
Ndị Japan
Evergreen, nwere akwụkwọ velvet, ifuru na Ọktọba-Nọvemba, na Ome nke afọ a, ihe ọkụkụ na-apụta na Mee-June. Ghichaa mkpụrụ osisi ozugbo. N'ime mkpụrụ osisi ahụ, na-atọ ụtọ na anụ friable, enwere otu ọkpụkpụ, bee ahụ dị nro, oroma dị nro. Ọ naghị anabata ntu oyi.
Onye na-eme Caucasian
Apịtị, alaka na-amị amị, na-etolite okpueze sara mbara, ogwe nwere dayameta nke 15 cm, akwụkwọ ya nke waxy dị elu, okooko osisi na May-June, mkpụrụ osisi na-acha nchara nchara na pulp na-egosi na ụbịa.
Ihe puru iche nke umu anumanu a bu na o wapuru ahihia n’azu.
Anabataghị ntu oyi. Ghichaa mkpụrụ mgbe ịchasịrị.
Ndi n’agba ozu azu umu umu:
- Apirena - ya na obere mkpụrụ osisi.
- Nnukwu Evreinova - mkpụrụ nke 8 cm n'obosara.
Azụ (isi awọ)
Osisi nwere mkpụrụ osisi na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha na mkpụrụ osisi yiri obere apụl uhie.
Uzo di iche-iche nke medlar maka idebe ulo
Maka etolite medlar n'ime ụlọ ahụ, a na-eji ụdị Japanese eme ihe:
- Ntu oyi - edo edo, na-egbuke egbuke, mkpụrụ osisi.
- Tanaka - uto na uto, ube ekara, oroma na pink nke di n’ime.
- Champagne - pubescent ya na anụ gbara ụka, odo gbara ọchịchịrị.
- Premier - oroma-edo edo.
- Silas - nwere ekpomeekpo aprịkọt.
- Victor - mkpụrụ osisi edo edo na-egbuke egbuke.
- Komunar - gbara ya gburugburu, nweekwa akpụkpọ anụ matte.
Na-eto eto medlar n'ụlọ
N'ime ụlọ, ị nwekwara ike inweta osisi na-amị mkpụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ịgbaso iwu.
Medlar hụrụ ìhè n'anya, tinye ahịhịa ụlọ na windo sills na-eche ihu na ndịda ma ọ bụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụlọ nchekwa. N'oge okooko osisi, na-eme ka ọkụ ruo awa iri na abụọ. Okpomọkụ okpomọkụ + 18 ... +20 ° С, na oyi +5 ° С.
Ngwakọta ala a na-adịghị ike acidic, na-anọpụ iche na peat, humus na ala akwukwo.
Wunye mmiri ahụ n'akụkụ ọnụ nke ite ma ọ bụ n'ime ite ahụ, mgbe ihichachara, a na-atọpụ elu ala ahụ. A naghị awụpụ ala ya, ọ kwesịrị ịdị oke nchara iji gbochie ire ere. N'oge oyi, a na-ebelata ịgbara mmiri mmiri. Were mmiri a kwụrụ ọtọ, ya bụ okpomoku nke okpukpu abụọ dị elu karịa temprechọ ime ụlọ. A na-ewepụ alaka, nke mebiri emebi n'oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-ebipụ ya na ọkara afọ 2-3 mbụ, wee guzobe okpueze.
N'oge opupu ihe ubi ruo na ngwụsị nke mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-agwakọta ihe ọkụkụ na ngwakọta organic. Mgbe ịkpụ mkpụrụ osisi, 2 lita mmiri, 200 g nke nri na 20 g nke uyi na-eriju afọ. N'oge okooko osisi, a chọrọ akwa akwa akwa, a na-ejikwa potash maka uto na-arụ ọrụ.
Osisi ndị na-eto eto na-akụta otu ugboro n'ọnwa, ndị okenye otu ugboro kwa oge. N'oge izu ike ha anaghị eme ya.
A na-atụgharị ahịhịa na-eto eto kwa afọ, karịa afọ 5 - mgbe afọ 4 gasịrị. Wepu topsoil ahụ na mkpọrọgwụ wee daa nke ọhụrụ.
Odide medlarị n’October-November. Site na mkpụrụ osisi, ifuru na-amalite maka afọ 4-5, mkpụ - 3. Ifuru ahụ na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ ude anakọtara na ahịhịa. Mkpụrụ osisi na-acha naanị na ọkọchị, a na-adụ ya ka ọ hapụ iberibe 10-15 n'afọ mbụ.
Ugbo ala
Medlarị na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ụzọ:
- Site na mkpụrụ - a na - agbanye mkpụrụ maka otu ụbọchị na + 18 ... +20 ° С. Mmapụta gbasie. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-etinye ha na friji ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa (stratification), na mgbe ahụ na Kornevin ruo awa 8. Kpuo omimi nke 2-3 cm, na efere nke nwere mmepu 2 cm na ala maka ifuru. Kpuchie ya na fim na ikuku. Ome pụtara mgbe ọnwa 1.5 gachara. Mgbe epupụta 2-3 pụtara, ha na-amaba. A pụkwara ịgha mkpụrụ na-emeghe n'ala.
- Yerskwado akwa - kpudo alaka dị mma n’ala (mgbe ịmechara ntụpọ n’elu akụrụ dị na cortex), mezie ya. Maka iji gbakwunyekwuo ike Kornevin. Ikewapụ mgbe mgbọrọgwụ ibu, transplanted.
- Kpụ - wedata alaka site na 15-20 cm n'oge okooko. A na-agwọ ebe a na-ete nkụ. Ejiri cut gbue ya. Eke Ẹtọde ke iche iche, ike a griin haus utịp, mmiri, mgbe ọnwa ha na-akpata.
- Acgba ọgwụ mgbochi - usoro a bụ nke ndị nwere ahụmahụ gbara gburugburu. Dị ka ngwaahịa iji ube, quince, hawthorn.
Ọgwụ na ọrịa medlar, ihe isi ike na ịhapụ
Ọrịa anaghị adị ekpughe Medlar na ọrịa na ụmụ ahụhụ. Ndi nwere ezighi ezi ndi ubi nwere nsogbu:
- Mgbe akwụkwọ kpọrọ nkụ na nsọtụ, mgbe ahụ kpamkpam - moisten ikuku akọrọ.
- Black tụrụ bụ ọrịa fungal. Belata ịgbara mmiri na ịgba mmiri.
- Ọ bụrụ na epupụta hapụ ha elasticity - mgbe mmiri.
- Ntugharị nke mgbọrọgwụ - belata ịgbara mmiri, jiri ọgwụ nje (Fitolavin) mesoo ya.
- Adịghị oge ntoju, ọ dịghị amị mkpụrụ - imebi nke oyi dormant oge. Kwụsị ịgbara mmiri na akwa akwa.
- Okooko osisi na-esighi ike - welie ọkụ, ịkpụ.
- Aphid, ududo mite - gbasa ya na ncha nke ncha akwa ma ọ bụ tincture nke calendula na mmiri.
- Shield - mesoo ya na Actofit.
- Anwụrụ ọkụ na-aụ sịga.
Maka mgbochi na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi, a na-efesa ogwe, alaka, ala na 3% mmiri Bordeaux.
Maazi Dachnik na-atụ aro: medlar - Njirimara bara uru na contraindications
Medlar nwere shuga, eriri, tannins, vitamin B, A, E, ihe ndị metụtara, iron, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, potassium, protein, carbohydrates. Bark, ahịhịa, mkpụrụ osisi bara uru. O nwere ihe ndi ozo di ndu: malic, tartaric, citric. Ihe calorie nke nwa ebu n’afọ bụ 42 kcal.
Osisi ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-agwọ ọrịa:
- Normalizes nri, na-eme ka anụ ahụ dị ọcha.
- Ọ na - eme ka ahụ sie ike mgbochi na mgbochi nke ibute ọrịa.
- Ọ bara ụba na folic acid, ayodiin.
- Epupụta ọgwụgwọ na-emeso tonsillitis.
- Na-enye aka na colic akwara, ihe na-egbu mgbu na oghere.
- Lowers cholesterol ma wepu nnu nke ọla dị oke egwu.
- Ọ nwere Njirimara expectorant.
- E wedata ọbara mgbali elu.
- Ọ bara uru maka ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa mellitus (na-enyere aka ịkpụpụta insulin).
Akwụkwọ osisi ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara na-ebelata agụụ maka ihe ụtọ, belata agụụ. Vitamin A na - akwalite ọhụụ dị mma. Nchọcha eji eme ihe n’osisi eji arụ ọrụ maka anụahụ.
Mkpụrụ osisi na-contraindicated maka allergies, ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ site na gastritis, ọnya afọ, cholecystitis. Ngwakọta nke akwụkwọ nwere cyanide glycosides, yabụ osisi nwere ike iweta ọ bụghị naanị uru, kamakwa ọ na-emebi.
