Nri mmanu dịgasị iche na nri siri ike nke nri. Ngwakọta nke ịnweta nri ịnweta nwere ike ịdị iche, na dabere na nri a chọrọ ka ọ dị mgbagwoju anya na dị mfe.
Ọ dị mkpa! A ghaghị iji nri dị ntakịrị mee ihe, mgbe ị na-ahụ ọkwa nke ihe oriri na ala. N'okwu a, ọ gaghị enwe nsogbu site na ngwongwo ha.
Taa, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta nri ịnweta ịnweta nke ụdị ndị a:
- mmiri mmiri,
- akọrọ
- otu,
- mgbagwoju anya.
Ọ bụrụ na ịhọrọ ọgwụ ọjọọ ma rube isi n'usoro kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ bụghị naanị na ị ga-eri nri na osisi ahụ, kamakwa ị ga-edozi nsogbu ndị a na-enwe na mmepe ha.
Nri mmanu
Ọtụtụ ndị na-elekọta gardeners na gardeners maara ihe ịnweta nri ịnweta. Ndị a na-agụnye ogige nke ọdịdị nchịkwa, nke nwere ihe oriri niile dị mkpa maka osisi. Ihe ndi ozo na nri ndi ahu ga enyere aka inweta ugbo ala ma gbasao ezi ihe ubi. Enwere kwa ihe omuma nke zuru oke, nke gunyere nri abuo abuo maka osisi - o bu nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Ma, ọ bara uru na-echeta na iji nri akụrụngwa chọrọ nlezianya anya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụrụ na ihe gbasara anụ ahụ (nke na-ezighi ezi nghazi maka ngwa), ọ ga-ekwe omume imebi ọtụtụ ala na osisi. Ya mere, ka anyị lebakwuo anya n'àgwà nke ịnweta nri ịnweta, ụdị ha na àgwà ha, ma chọpụta otú e si eji ha eme ihe n'ụzọ ziri ezi.
Ụdị ịnweta nri
Dị ka anyị kwurula, a na-ekezi nri fatịlaịza na: nitrogen, potash na phosphate. Nke a bụ eziokwu ahụ na ihe atọ ndị a na-eduga n'ọhịa ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ ma na-emetụta uto na mmepe nke osisi. Nitrogen, phosphorus na potassium bụ ihe ndabere, nke bụ ihe ndị na-eme ka ịnweta fatịlaịza mepụtara. A na-ewere ha dị ka ihe ndabere maka mmekọ nke ọma nke ụwa osisi, na ụkọ ha nwere ike iduga ọ bụghị nanị na ọ bụ ogbenye na-arịwanye elu kamakwa ọnwụ nke osisi.
Nitrogen
N'oge opupu ihe ubi, enwere ike inwe nitrogen n'ime ala. A gosipụtara nke a n'eziokwu ahụ na osisi na-egbusi ma ọ bụ kwụsị ịbawanye ma ọlị. Enwere ike ịmata nsogbu a site na acha odo odo, obere epupụta na-adịghị ike Ome. Tomato, poteto, strawberries na apụl na-emeghachi omume na enweghị nitrogen n'ala. Nri kachasị mma nitrogen nri bụ nitrate na urea. Otu a gụnyere: calsium sulfur, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, azofok, ammophos, nitroammophoska na diammonium phosphate. Ha nwere mmetụta dị iche iche na omenala na ala. Urea acidifies ala, nitrate - ezigbo mmetụta na uto nke beets, amonia - na uto nke cucumbers, eyịm, letus na kọlịflawa.
Ị ma? Mgbe iji ammonium nitrate kwesịrị ịma banyere mgbawa ya. N'ihi nke a, a gaghị ere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu maka igbochi ihe mberede.
Ekwesiri icheta na nri nitrogen bu ihe kachasi ike n'ile ihe nile. Mgbe ha bara ụba, osisi na-eme ka ụbụrụ ha baa ụba n'ụba. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị tinye ọgwụ nitrogen na-eme nri nke ọma, dabere na ngwugwu nke ala, ihe ọkụkụ a na-eri nri na ụdị fatịlaịza, ị ga-enwe ike ịmepụta ihe dị elu karị. Ọzọkwa, ị gaghị eme ka nri ndị a na ọdịda, n'ihi na mmiri ozuzo na-asa ya tupu oge opupu ihe ubi. Fertilization rates (urea): akwụkwọ nri -5-12 g / m² (na ngwa ngwa nke ịnweta nri), osisi na osisi -10-20 g / m², tomato na beets -20 g / m².
Phosphoric
Fatịlaịza phosphate bụ ihe oriri na-emepụta ihe na mineral nke nwere 20% nke anhydride phosphoric dị na ya. A na-ewere superphosphate otu n'ime ihe kacha mma ịnweta nri maka ụdị ala ọ bụla dị mkpa nke a. A ghaghị ime ya dị ka uwe elu n'elu usoro mmepe na ibu nke osisi nwere nnukwu mmiri dị n'ime ala.
Ị ma? Ọtụtụ mgbe ndị na-elekọta ubi na ndị na-elekọta ubi na-eji okpukpu abụọ na-eme ka ọnyà nke uru bara uru dị elu. O nweghị ihe CaSO4 na-abaghị uru na-eji na superphosphate dị mfe ma dịkwuo mma.
Ụdị ụdị mmanụ fatịlaịza ọzọ na mpaghara a bụ ntụ ọka phosphoric. A na eji ya na ala acidic maka mkpụrụ osisi niile, ihe oriri na ọka ọṅụṅụ. Ntụ ọka na - enyere aka n'ịlụ ọgụ megide ọrịa na ọrịa ndị na - ebute n'ihi mmụba nke ngwa ngwa. Fatịlaịza ngwa ngwa fatịlaịza: superphosphate 0,5 na-elekọta ihe kwa 1 hectare, 3,5 na-elekọta ihe kwa 1 hectare.
Ike
Tinye poter mineral nri na ọdịda, mgbe egwu ala. Nke a fatịlaịza dị mma maka nduku, beets na ọka niile. Potassium sulfate ma ọ bụ potassium sulfate dị mma maka nri osisi ndị na-adịghị na potassium. O nweghị ihe dị iche iche dịka chlorine, sodium na magnesium. Kwesịrị ekwesị maka mkpụrụ osisi egọn, karịsịa n'oge e guzobere mkpụrụ osisi ahụ.
Nnu Potassium nwere ihe abụọ chloride -KCl + NaCl. A na-eji ihe dị n'ọtụtụ agrị-industrial complexes. A na-eme ya n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ụdị beri nile nke 20 g n'okpuru ohia. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-agbatị fatịlaịza n'elu n'elu ala 150-200 g / m². Fatịlaịza ọnụego: potassium chloride 20-25 g kwa 1 m²; potassium sulfate -25-30 g / m²
Ihe mgbagwoju anya
Fatịlaịza mgbagwoju anya bụ ihe oriri nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị mkpa dị mkpa n'otu oge. A na-enweta ha site na mmekọrịta mmekọrịta nke mmiri nke mmiri mmalite, na ya pụta na ha nwere ike ịbụ okpukpu abụọ (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphate, nitrogen-potassium) na ternary (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium). Dịka usoro mmepụta, a na-ama ha: nri fatịlaịza siri ike, ihe siri ike-agwakọta ma ọ bụ jikọta ya.
- Ammophos bụ phosphorus-nitrogen fatịlaịza nke nwere nitrogen na phosphorus (12:52 ruru). Nke a na-eji ngwa ngwa na-edozi ya na osisi na ihe ubi.
- Ngwurugwu diammof-phosphorus-nitrogen nwere 20% nitrogen na 51% nke onye ọkà ihe ọmụma. Ọ na-edozi mmiri na mmiri ma ọ dịghị enwe ihe ndị ọzọ na-agba bọl.
- Azofoska bụ fatịlaịza granular dị irè nke nwere nitrogen, phosphorus na potassium. Na-enye mkpụrụ dị elu, ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma nwere ike ịchekwa ya ruo ogologo oge.
- Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fatịlaịza bụ mgbagwoju fatịlaịza na granulu. A na-eji ya maka ihe niile a kụrụ n'ubi, ebe ọ bụ na osisi na-etinye ya nri ngwa ngwa. Kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka fatịlaịza dị mgbagwoju mgbe ị na-egwu ala na mmiri.
Ọtụtụ agrị complexes na-eji nri ịnweta ịnweta kpụkọrọ ọnụ iji nweta ihe kacha mma.
Ike agwakọta
Fertilizers jupụtara na mgbagwoju anya na-agụnye ogige dị otú ahụ dị ka nitrophobia na nitrophobia. A na-enweta ha site na nhazi phosphorite ma ọ bụ yapatite. Site na igbakwunye ihe dị iche iche achọrọ, carbonate nitrophosphate na phosphoric nitrophosphate guzobere. A na-eji ha eme ihe dị ka ntụrụndụ bụ isi tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, n'ahịrị na oghere mgbe a na-agha mkpụrụ, na-ejikarị akwa mgbakwasa. Carboammophos-nri ndị nwere nitrogen na amide na ụdị amonia. A na-eji Kristalin na ihe mgbaze mee maka ala echedoro. Nke a bụ fatịlaịza crystalline granular, nke ọma na mmiri. Ụdị fatịlaịza kachasị mma bụ -N: P: K - 20:16:10. A na-eji mgbagwoju ndị nwere mgbagwoju anya eme ihe n'ubi nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo ebe a ga-ekpuchi nnukwu ebe tupu ị kụrụ ihe.
Microfertilizers
Microfertilizers bụ fertilizing na mgbagwoju anya nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ụdị nwere ike ịnweta osisi. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a pụrụ ịchọta ihe ndị a n'ụdị: mmiri ịnweta mmiri ịnweta mmiri, kristal, ntụ ntụ. Iji jiri ya mee ihe, a na-emepụta nri fatịlaịza micronutrient n'ụdị nke dị mgbagwoju anya dị iche iche. Ha nwere mmetụ dị mma n'ahụ osisi ahụ a kụrụ akụ, chebe megide pests na ọrịa, ma mụbaa mkpụrụ.
Fatịlaịza kasị ewu ewu bụ:
- "Nna-ukwu" ejirila dịka ihe nkedo mineral maka okooko osisi. Nwere: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe.
- "Sizam" bara uru maka kabeeji na-eto eto. Ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na-amị ma na-egbochi pests.
- "Ọhụụ" maka ịzụ bred bushes, okooko osisi na lawns. Nwere etidronovuyu acid, nke na-achịkwa mmeghari nke mmiri n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ.
N'ozuzu, a na-eji fatịlaịza micronutrient mee ihe iche iche, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume ịkọkọta usoro onunu ogugu. N'okwu a, osisi ahụ ga-enweta ihe oriri dị mkpa, na-enweghị ihe mgbakwunye na mgbakwunye.
Njikere nke ịnweta nri, ndụmọdụ zuru ezu
A ghaghị ịghọta na a na-eji nri ndị na-ebu akuku na-eme ihe n'okwu abụọ: dị ka isi nri (maka igwu ala) nakwa dị ka mgbakwunye mmiri-okpomọkụ. Nhọrọ ọ bụla nwere nuances ya, mana e nwekwara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi a na-apụghị imebi.
Iwu nchedo:
- Ejila nri maka nri iji mee ka mmiri ghara ịkwaa mmiri;
- echekwa nri, nke kachasị mma, na nkwakọ ngwaahịa;
- ozugbo tupu e jiri ya mee ihe, mgbe nchekwa dị ogologo, enwere ọnọdụ nwere ike ịmepụta fatịlaịza, n'ihi ya, ị ga-ebufe ya site na sieve nwere dayameta 3-5 mm;
- mgbe ị na-eme ka ala dị ala maka otu ihe ọkụkụ, ọ dị mkpa ịmara onwe gị na ihe ndị chọrọ na ndị na-emepụta ihe, ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịnweta ala ịnweta ala nwere ike ịkpata ọdachi;
- Ọ kachasị mma iji usoro nchọpụta nyocha nke ala nke dabere na nsonaazụ nke ọ ga-ekwe omume iji fatịlaịza kwesịrị ekwesị dị mkpa;
- ọ ghaghị ilebara anya iji jide n'aka na ịnweta fertilization maka osisi, nke a na-emepụta site na ala, adịghị emerụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ;
- mma ala ọmụmụ nwere ike nweta site na-ejikarị ịnweta nri;
- ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye nri na ịnweta nri na nri fatịlaịza, a ghaghị belata mkpụrụ nke mbụ;
- Ihe kachasị dị irè bụ nri fatịlaịza granulated, nke na-enye aka na-egwu ala n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ.
Ya mere, iji ezi mmiri na-eme ihe na ịnweta usoro nchebe ga-enyere aka iji saturate ala na ihe ndị dị mkpa ga-enyere aka na mmepe na mmepe nke osisi.
Uru ma na-emerụ ahụ site na iji nri ịnweta ịnweta n'ubi
Nri mmanu na enyere aka iji kpoo ala na ihe ndi di mkpa ma mee ka ubi nke akwukwo nri ma obu ubi noo. Ihe mgbakwunye niile nke na-enye nri na-enyere aka na-elekọta osisi n'oge oge na-eto eto ma na-amị mkpụrụ. Ma, echefula banyere ihe ize ndụ nke nri ndị na ịnweta ịnweta nri, na-ekwu n'ụzọ doro anya banyere ojiji nke na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ma na-agabiga oke usoro.
Ọ dị mkpa! Ọ bụrụ na ịkwadoghị usoro iwu akwadoro na usoro a na-atụ aro maka iji nri fatịlaịza eme ihe, nitrates nwere ike ikpokọta ọ bụghị naanị na ala kamakwa n'ime osisi. Nke a nwere ike ibute nsị dị egwu mgbe ị na-eri mkpụrụ.
Taa, ihe ka ọtụtụ agro-complexes na-eji nri na ịnweta nri na ngwakọta. Nke a na-enye gị ohere belata nchịkọta nitrates ma belata mmetụta ọjọọ. N'ịkọwa elu, m ga-achọ ịma na ihe ọ bụla ndị a na-emepụta na ịnweta fatịlaịza bụ, tinyere ndị na-emepụta ihe na mines, ha na-enyere aka ịba ụba nke ihe ọkụkụ ahụ. Ya mere, dị nnọọ mma ileba anya n'iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ zuru oke ma ghara imetọ ha maka nzube ndị ị na-eme.
